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Concept

Binary Search

Also Known As Half-Interval Search
Algorithm

Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array by repeatedly halving the portion that could contain it. It runs in logarithmic time in the worst case, making O(log n) comparisons for n elements, which is why keeping data sorted pays: a million entries need about twenty questions, not a million. Deceptively simple, it is a famous source of subtle implementation errors, and a variant omitting one check was first published correctly by Hermann Bottenbruch in 1962. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Origin Year
1946 1
John Mauchly described the basic idea in 1946, but the first correctly published bug-free binary search algorithm did not appear until 1962 (Hermann Bottenbruch); Donald Knuth cites this gap as a famous case of a simple idea being surprisingly tricky to implement correctly.
Core Principle
Halve the search space with every comparison: ask of the middle element whether the target lies before or after it, and discard the half that cannot contain it. 1
Connections

Associated With

John Mauchly, Pioneers

John Mauchly described the basic idea of binary search in a 1946 lecture, already the cited source for this concept's own origin-year fact.

Source Wikipedia: Binary search algorithm

In Field

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Binary search algorithm
Wikipedia
  • Opening and Performance sections
    Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.
  • Performance section
    Binary search runs in logarithmic time in the worst case, making O(log n) comparisons, where n is the number of elements in the array.
  • Introduction
    Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array.
  • History section
    In 1946, John Mauchly made the first mention of binary search as part of the Moore School Lectures, a seminal and foundational college course in computing.
  • Associated With: John Mauchly
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