Methods and standards used to protect information by encryption, hashing, key agreement and proof. The group covers symmetric ciphers such as the Advanced Encryption Standard, public-key systems including elliptic-curve cryptography, hash functions such as MD5 and SHA-1, digital signatures, the Diffie-Hellman exchange of a shared key over an open channel, and zero-knowledge proofs, in which one party convinces another that a statement is true without revealing why.
Cryptographic Techniques
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Mix network (Wikipedia)
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create hard-to-trace communications by using a chain of proxy servers known as mixes
Wikipedia: Public Key Cryptography
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Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys.
Wikipedia: Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
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The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛindaːl], RAIN-dahl), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
Wikipedia: SHA-1
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In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest, typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits.
MD5, Wikipedia
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The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value.
Wikipedia: Diffie-Hellman key exchange
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Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel.
Symmetric-key algorithm, Wikipedia
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Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext.
Digital signature - Wikipedia
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A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.
Zero-knowledge proof - Wikipedia
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In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof (also known as a ZK proof or ZKP) is a protocol in which one party (the prover) can convince another party (the verifier) that some given statement is true, without conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of that statement's truth.
Elliptic-curve cryptography - Wikipedia
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Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
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