All Computer Architecture and Embedded Platforms

Fields concerned with how computing hardware is organized and how processors are built into products. It covers the design of processors, memory systems and instruction sets, and the dedicated computers embedded in vehicles, appliances, instruments and industrial equipment, where cost, power and real-time response shape the design. A field belongs here when it studies the structure of the machine or the platform that software runs on. It excludes the networked and cooperating machines treated under the distributed and parallel groups, and the physical-world control systems placed with cyber-physical systems and robotics.