A field of computing organized around the physical machine itself: circuits, devices, materials and energy budgets, or an emerging substrate proposed to replace them. Belongs here: Neuromorphic Computing, which builds circuits that mimic neural structure, and DNA Computing, which encodes computation in molecular reactions rather than silicon. Does not belong here: a field defined by what runs on the hardware rather than the hardware itself, such as Operating Systems or Parallel Computing, filed under Computer Systems Organization instead.
Facts
Comparison
Era of Emergence Hardware
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Integrated circuit
WikipediaIntegrated circuit, History sectionQuote, Integrated circuit, History section
Newly employed by Texas Instruments, Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, successfully demonstrating the first working example of an integrated circuit on 12 September 1958.
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