System Architecture and Data Models

The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, where all data are represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.

The von Neumann architecture-also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture-is a computer architecture based on the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, written by John von Neumann in 1945, describing designs by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering.

The client-server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.

MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel and distributed algorithm on a cluster.

Eventual consistency is a consistency model used in distributed computing to achieve high availability.