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Programming Language

Smalltalk

Object-Oriented Language

Smalltalk is a purely object oriented programming language originally created in the 1970s for educational use in constructionist learning, and later used in business. It was created at Xerox PARC by Learning Research Group scientists including Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls and Adele Goldberg; Smalltalk-80 was the first variant made available outside PARC, shared in 1981 with Tektronix, Hewlett-Packard, Apple and DEC. Its design, in which everything is an object, is the other parent, beside Simula, of the object oriented mainstream. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
First Released
1972 1
First Released
1980 2
Created during the 1970s at Xerox PARC; Smalltalk-80 was the first variant available outside PARC, shared for review in 1981.
Paradigm
Purely object oriented 2
Significance
The purely object oriented language from Xerox PARC whose design shaped virtually all object oriented languages that came after it. 2
Classification
Typing Discipline
Dynamically Typed 1
Typing Discipline
Strongly Typed 1
FAQs

Was Smalltalk created in 1972 or 1980?

The first design dates from 1972; Smalltalk-80 was the first general release.

Both dates are used because they mark different things. The Programming Language Database dates Smalltalk to 1972 and credits Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls and Adele Goldberg, with development at the Learning Research Group of Xerox PARC during the 1970s. The language was first generally released as Smalltalk-80, which is why 1980 also appears as a date.
Connections

Associated With

Object Oriented Programming, Concepts

The purely object oriented language; the Smalltalk origin account of the paradigm is the other side of the debated origin this atlas records on the OOP entity.

Source Wikipedia: Smalltalk

Follows Typing Discipline

Dynamic Typing, Concepts
Strong Typing, Concepts

In Field

Software Engineering, Fields

Influenced

Groovy, Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Apache Groovy
Io (programming language), Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Io
Object Pascal, Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Object Pascal
Objective-C, Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Objective-C
Additional Source Wikipedia: Objective-CSyntax section
Pharo, Programming Languages
Source Pharo (Wikidata)
Ruby, Programming Languages
Source Wikipedia: Ruby (programming language)
Self, Programming Languages

"Self began as a dialect of Smalltalk, being dynamically typed and using just-in-time compilation (JIT) with the prototype-based approach to objects." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_(programming_language)

Wolfram Language, Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Wolfram Language

Influenced By

Logo, Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Smalltalk
Object Oriented Programming, Concepts
Source Wikipedia: Object-oriented programming
Simula, Programming Languages
Source Wikidata: Smalltalk
Additional Source Wikipedia: SimulaHistory section

Invented By

Adele Goldberg, Pioneers
Source Wikidata: Smalltalk
Alan Kay, Pioneers

Kay led the development at Xerox PARC; the language was created by the Learning Research Group, including Dan Ingalls and Adele Goldberg.

Source Wikidata: Smalltalk
Additional Source Wikipedia: Alan KayIntroduction
Dan Ingalls, Pioneers
Source Wikidata: Smalltalk
Ted Kaehler, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: Smalltalk

Predecessor Of

Squeak, Programming Languages
In the Other Atlases

Developed By

Xerox

Also in Business Atlas: the developer of this subject.

Sources
1. Wikidata: Smalltalk
  • Wikidata Q235086, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)
  • Wikidata Q235086 P571 (inception)
  • Wikidata Q235086 P7078 (typing discipline)
View the Source
2. Wikipedia: Smalltalk
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Opening and History sections
    Smalltalk is a purely object-oriented programming language that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business.
  • History section
    It was created at Xerox PARC by Learning Research Group (LRG) scientists, including Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Ted Kaehler, Diana Merry, and Scott Wallace.
  • Associated With: Object Oriented Programming, Opening section
    Smalltalk is a purely object-oriented programming language that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business.
  • Invented By: Ted Kaehler, Lead sentence, creators
    It was created at Xerox PARC by Learning Research Group (LRG) scientists, including Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Ted Kaehler, Diana Merry, and Scott Wallace.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Simula
WikipediaInfluenced By: Simula, History section
Quote, Influenced By: Simula, History section
Simula was influential in the development of Smalltalk and later object-oriented programming languages.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Alan Kay
Wikimedia FoundationInvented By: Alan Kay, Introduction
Quote, Invented By: Alan Kay, Introduction
There he also led the development of the influential object-oriented programming language Smalltalk
View the Source
Wikipedia: Object-oriented programming
WikipediaInfluenced By: Object Oriented Programming, History
Quote, Influenced By: Object Oriented Programming, History
would go on to create Smalltalk, an influential OOP language
View the Source
Wikipedia: Ruby (programming language)
Wikimedia FoundationInfluenced: Ruby, Semantics and philosophy section
Quote, Influenced: Ruby, Semantics and philosophy section
According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Objective-C
Wikimedia FoundationInfluenced: Objective-C, Syntax section
Quote, Influenced: Objective-C, Syntax section
Smalltalk-style message passing (messaging) to the C programming language
View the Source
Wikidata: Wolfram Language
Influenced: Wolfram LanguageView the Source
Programming Language Database (PLDB): Smalltalk - PLDB
Programming Language Database (PLDB)In Group: Smalltalk-Derived Languages, Page text
Quote, In Group: Smalltalk-Derived Languages, Page text
Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language
View the Source
Pharo (Wikidata)
Influenced: Pharo, P737 (influenced by): Smalltalk
Quote, Influenced: Pharo, P737 (influenced by): Smalltalk
Smalltalk
View the Source
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