This group gathers pioneers of computing methodologies whose primary contribution was enabling a computer to interpret images and visual scenes, including image and object recognition, facial and affective recognition of emotion from expression, optical character and handwriting recognition, image processing and restoration, digital image scanning, pattern recognition applied to visual data, and machine perception of three dimensional structure from two dimensional images. It follows the Computer vision strand of the ACM Computing Classification System's Artificial intelligence area under Computing methodologies. Their shared work is extracting meaning from visual input, as distinct from generating visual output, which belongs to the separate Computer Graphics group above.