This group gathers pioneers of computing methodologies whose primary contribution was the design, control or autonomy of physical robots and mechanical manipulators, including the first programmable industrial robotic arms, motion planning algorithms that let a robot navigate its own physical environment, autonomous vehicles and mobile robots, humanoid and legged robots, and multi robot teams that coordinate as a group. It follows the Robotics second level heading of the ACM Computing Classification System under Computing methodologies. Their shared work is a system that senses and acts in the physical world, as distinct from a purely software based reasoning, learning or vision system that never itself moves.