This group gathers pioneers of computing methodologies whose primary contribution was enabling a computer to process, understand or generate human language, including machine translation, speech recognition and synthesis, computational linguistics and semantic role labeling, information retrieval and text mining, question answering and dialogue systems such as the ELIZA program, and the large language models that grew out of this line of work. It follows the Natural language processing strand of the ACM Computing Classification System's Artificial intelligence area under Computing methodologies. Their shared work is language, spoken or written, as distinct from vision, general reasoning, or a learning technique applied outside language.