Home›Systems & Technologies›All Systems & TechnologiesBrowse ByAll Systems & TechnologiesThe named computing systems, networks, protocols and machines that were actually built: early computers, the infrastructure that became the internet and the web, and the operating systems and platforms that run on top of them.All Systems & TechnologiesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)All Systems & TechnologiesFilter Results513 entriesFramework TypeAllComponent and Utility-First CSS Frameworks (2)Deep Learning Frameworks (5)Front-End Frameworks for Languages Other Than JavaScript (2)General Machine Learning Libraries (2)Java and JVM Web Frameworks (7)JavaScript Component and MVC Frameworks (6)Libraries That Extend HTML and the Document Model (2)Meta-Frameworks Built on UI Libraries (4)Node.js Web Frameworks (4)PHP Web Frameworks (5)Python Web Frameworks (2)System ClassAllAnalog and Special-Purpose Computers (2)Atari Home Computers (2)Babbage Engines and Their Successors (3)Bletchley Park Codebreaking Machines (2)British ICL Mainframes (2)Burroughs and UNIVAC Mainframe Lineages (2)Chinese Petascale Supercomputers (2)Classic Mac OS and Apple Systems (13)Cloud Computing Platforms (5)Cloud Database (2)Column-Oriented Database Management System (3)Commercial Mechanical Calculators (4)Commodore 8-bit Home Computers (3)Cray Research and Control Data Vector Supercomputers (12)DEC PDP and VAX Systems (3)Distributed Data Processing Infrastructure (5)Document-Oriented Database Management System (5)DOS-Family Systems (24)Early Apple Personal Computers (3)Early Australian Computers (2)Early British Stored-Program Computers (5)Early Commercially Sold Computers (6)Early Japanese Computers (2)Early Massively Parallel Architectures (2)Early Personal and Portable Computers (4)Early Soviet Computers (2)Early Store-and-Forward Dial-Up Networks (3)Embedded and Real-Time Operating Systems (24)Ferranti Computers (3)First-Generation Vacuum-Tube Computers (8)General Electric and Honeywell Mainframe Lineage (2)Graph Database Management System (5)Graphical and Unix Workstations (2)Harvard Mark Computers (4)Historic Network Operating Systems: NetWare and Banyan VINES (2)Home Computer Operating Systems (19)Home Computers of the Late 1970s and 1980s (4)IAS Machine-Derived Computers (12)IBM Early Business Computers (4)IBM Mainframe and Midrange Systems (5)IBM Supercomputers (5)Internet Application Protocols (8)Japanese Petascale Supercomputers (3)Key-Value Database System (7)Local and Wireless Network Standards (3)Mainframe and Historical Systems (26)Military and Defense Computers (4)Mobile and Handheld Operating Systems (14)NewSQL and In-Memory Databases (2)NoSQL Database Management System (3)Pre-Internet Packet-Switched Research Networks (4)Punched Card Calculators and Programmable Calculators (2)Relational Database Management System (20)Research and Academic Operating Systems (36)Search Engine Database (2)Sinclair Home Computers (2)Time Series Database System (2)TRS-80 Family Computers (2)UNIVAC Line Computers (5)University and Research Laboratory Computers (5)Unix and Unix-Like Systems (44)Xerox PARC Computers (3)Primary LanguageAllC# (4)C++ (2)Elixir (1)Groovy (1)Haskell (1)Java (9)JavaScript (18)Perl (1)PHP (5)Python (7)Ruby (3)Rust (1)Scala (2)TypeScript (4)YearAll150 BCE (1)1642 (1)1694 (1)1820 (1)1822 (1)1837 (1)1843 (1)1873 (1)1887 (1)1936 (1)1937 (1)1938 (1)1940 (2)1941 (1)1943 (1)1944 (1)1945 (2)1947 (2)1948 (3)1949 (6)1950 (6)1951 (11)1952 (8)1953 (8)1954 (3)1955 (4)1956 (5)1957 (9)1958 (3)1959 (5)1960 (4)1961 (2)1962 (4)1963 (1)1964 (7)1965 (6)1966 (2)1967 (3)1968 (1)1969 (5)1970 (6)1972 (4)1973 (2)1974 (7)1975 (7)1976 (3)1977 (5)1978 (4)1979 (13)1980 (10)1981 (18)1982 (9)1983 (8)1984 (18)1985 (11)1986 (5)1987 (5)1988 (9)1989 (3)1990 (2)1991 (12)1992 (7)1993 (6)1994 (1)1995 (5)1996 (3)1997 (2)1998 (5)1999 (2)2000 (3)2001 (5)2002 (2)2003 (4)2004 (4)2005 (4)2006 (6)2007 (5)2008 (7)2009 (6)2010 (7)2011 (8)2012 (5)2013 (5)2014 (1)2015 (3)2016 (4)2017 (5)2018 (4)2019 (1)2020 (1)2023 (3)2025 (1)ACM AreaAllCloud Computing (5)Computer Architecture (139)Computer Networking (21)Cryptography (1)Databases (48)Distributed Computing (7)Embedded Systems (1)Human Computer Interaction (1)Information Retrieval (2)Internet of Things (3)Operating Systems (186)Programming Language Theory (1)Initial Release EraAll2002 (3)2004 (3)2005 (5)2006 (3)2007 (2)2008 (1)2009 (1)2010 (6)2011 (4)2012 (2)2013 (1)2014 (2)2015 (5)2016 (8)2017 (1)2018 (4)2019 (2)2020 (2)GroupAllAnalog and Special-Purpose Computers (2)Atari Home Computers (2)Babbage Engines and Their Successors (3)Bletchley Park Codebreaking Machines (2)British ICL Mainframes (2)Burroughs and UNIVAC Mainframe Lineages (2)Chinese Petascale Supercomputers (2)Classic Mac OS and Apple Systems (13)Cloud Computing Platforms (5)Cloud Database (2)Column-Oriented Database Management System (3)Commercial Mechanical Calculators (4)Commodore 8-bit Home Computers (3)Cray Research and Control Data Vector Supercomputers (12)DEC PDP and VAX Systems (3)Distributed Data Processing Infrastructure (5)Document-Oriented Database Management System (5)DOS-Family Systems (24)Early Apple Personal Computers (3)Early Australian Computers (2)Early British Stored-Program Computers (5)Early Commercially Sold Computers (6)Early Japanese Computers (2)Early Massively Parallel Architectures (2)Early Personal and Portable Computers (4)Early Soviet Computers (2)Early Store-and-Forward Dial-Up Networks (3)Embedded and Real-Time Operating Systems (24)Ferranti Computers (3)First-Generation Vacuum-Tube Computers (8)General Electric and Honeywell Mainframe Lineage (2)Graph Database Management System (5)Graphical and Unix Workstations (2)Harvard Mark Computers (4)Historic Network Operating Systems: NetWare and Banyan VINES (2)Home Computer Operating Systems (19)Home Computers of the Late 1970s and 1980s (4)IAS Machine-Derived Computers (12)IBM Early Business Computers (4)IBM Mainframe and Midrange Systems (5)IBM Supercomputers (5)Internet Application Protocols (8)Japanese Petascale Supercomputers (3)Key-Value Database System (7)Local and Wireless Network Standards (3)Mainframe and Historical Systems (26)Military and Defense Computers (4)Mobile and Handheld Operating Systems (14)NewSQL and In-Memory Databases (2)NoSQL Database Management System (3)Pre-Internet Packet-Switched Research Networks (4)Punched Card Calculators and Programmable Calculators (2)Relational Database Management System (20)Research and Academic Operating Systems (36)Search Engine Database (2)Sinclair Home Computers (2)Time Series Database System (2)TRS-80 Family Computers (2)UNIVAC Line Computers (5)University and Research Laboratory Computers (5)Unix and Unix-Like Systems (44)Xerox PARC Computers (3)LicenseAllApache License 2.0 (40)Artistic License 2.0 (1)BSD 2-Clause (3)BSD 3-Clause (14)BSD 4-Clause (3)CDDL 1.0 (1)Eclipse Public License 1.0 (1)eCos License 2.0 (1)GNU GPL v2.0 (8)GNU GPL v3.0 (4)Interbase Public License (1)MIT (48)PostgreSQL License (1)Proprietary (Closed Source) (104)Public Domain (2)Server Side Public License (1)Sun Public License (1)Zero-Clause BSD License (1)Invented ByAllAdam Dunkels (1)Alan Turing (2)Allen Coombs (1)Andrew Booth (1)Andrew S. Tanenbaum (3)Andy Rubin (1)Bram Cohen (1)Brian Kernighan (1)Butler W. Lampson (1)Charles Babbage (2)Charles P. Thacker (1)Christopher Strachey (1)D. Richard Hipp (1)Daniel Abadi (1)Daniel Slotnick (1)Danny Hillis (1)Dave Cutler (1)David Cheriton (1)David Wheeler (1)Dennis Ritchie (2)Don Estridge (1)Douglas Comer (1)Dwight Merriman (1)Edsger W. Dijkstra (1)Feng-hsiung Hsu (1)Fernando J. Corbato (2)Frederic C. Williams (2)Gary Kildall (4)Gene Amdahl (1)Gerard Salton (1)Gordon Bell (2)Harry Huskey (2)Howard Aiken (4)J. Presper Eckert (4)James E. Thornton (1)Jarkko Oikarinen (1)Jay Forrester (1)Jerrier A. Haddad (1)Jochen Liedtke (1)John Mauchly (4)John Ousterhout (1)John Pinkerton (1)John Vincent Atanasoff (1)John von Neumann (2)Jon Postel (1)Ken Thompson (2)Konrad Zuse (5)Larry Tesler (1)Linus Torvalds (2)Louis Pouzin (1)Margo Seltzer (1)Mario Tchou (1)Mark P. McCahill (1)Martin Richards (1)Maston Beard (1)Maurice Wilkes (2)Michael Stonebraker (1)Michael Widenius (1)Nathaniel Rochester (1)Nicholas Metropolis (1)Paul Mockapetris (1)Pier Giorgio Perotto (1)Richard Altwasser (1)Robert Everett (1)Robert Kahn (1)Robert Metcalfe (1)Robert Rex Seeber Jr. (1)Roger Needham (1)Salvatore Sanfilippo (1)Sanjay Ghemawat (1)Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev (1)Seymour Cray (6)Steve Scott (computer architect) (1)Steve Vickers (computer scientist) (1)Steve Wozniak (2)Steven M. Bellovin (1)Tim Berners-Lee (2)Tom Kilburn (2)Tom Lane (computer scientist) (1)Tommy Flowers (1)Trevor Pearcey (1)Vint Cerf (1)StatusAllActive / In Use (101)Discontinued (253)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 13Xerox StarExperimental WorkstationXinuOperating SystemXv6Operating SystemYesodBackend Web FrameworkZ2 (computer)Early ComputerZ22Commercial ComputerZ4 (computer)Early ComputerZ80-RIOOperating SystemZ-DOSOperating SystemZKBackend Web FrameworkZuse Z1Mechanical Computer DesignZuse Z3Early ComputerZX SpectrumMicrocomputer← Previous1…456Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.