Data structures that trade a little exactness or a little extra memory for speed. A hash table turns a key into a position so that a value can be looked up in about constant time, and a Bloom filter answers whether an element is in a set using very little space, at the price of occasionally reporting a false positive. They are the basis for caches, dictionaries and membership tests in databases and networks.
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Hashing and Probabilistic Structures
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Wikipedia: Skip List
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a skip list (or skiplist) is a probabilistic data structure
Wikipedia: Hash Table
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In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values.
Wikipedia: Bloom filter
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In computing, a Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure, conceived by Burton Howard Bloom in 1970, that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set.
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