Pioneer
Arthur Samuel
Also Known As Arthur Lee Samuel
Computing Methodologies
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 - July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in computer gaming and artificial intelligence who coined the term machine learning in 1959. The Samuel Checkers-playing Program was among the world's first successful self-learning programs and an early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence; he was also a senior member of the TeX community who wrote an early TeX manual in 1983.
Facts
AwardFellow of the American Physical Society 2 FAQs
How did Arthur Samuel's checkers program improve its own play?
Through rote learning of positions it had seen, reevaluation against professional games, and thousands of games against itself.
Samuel built in several learning mechanisms. In what he called rote learning, the program remembered every position it had already seen, along with the terminal value of the reward function, which effectively extended the search depth at each of those positions. His later programs reevaluated the reward function using input from professional games, and he also had the program play thousands of games against itself. With this work the program reached a respectable amateur level and was the first to play any board game at that level, and he kept working on checkers until the mid-1970s.
Connections
Credited
Source Linear probing (Wikipedia)
In Field
Source Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - Wikipedia
Invented By
Source Linear probing (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases
Nationality
Also in Geography Atlas: the nationality of this subject.
Source Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - WikipediaLead sentence 1Quote, Lead sentence 1
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 – July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
Sources
1. Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - Wikipedia
Infobox, Born field (year)
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 - July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
Lead paragraph, opening sentence
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 - July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
Infobox, Died field (year)
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 - July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
Lead paragraph, opening sentence (death)
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 - July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
Lead paragraph, nationality clause
Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 - July 29, 1990) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
- In Field: Machine Learning, Lead paragraph
View the Source2. Arthur Samuel (Wikidata)
Wikidata alias: Arthur Lee Samuel
Arthur Lee Samuel
Wikidata P166: AAAI Fellow
Wikidata P166 (award received): AAAI Fellow.
Wikidata P166: Fellow of the American Physical Society
Wikidata P166 (award received): Fellow of the American Physical Society.
Wikidata P166: Computer Pioneer Award
Wikidata P166 (award received): Computer Pioneer Award.
View the SourceLinear probing (Wikipedia)
Invented By: Linear probing, Lead section [invented]
It was invented in 1954 by Gene Amdahl, Elaine M. McGraw, and Arthur Samuel (and, independently, by Andrey Yershov) and first analyzed in 1963 by Donald Knuth.
Credited: Linear probing, Lead section [invented]
It was invented in 1954 by Gene Amdahl, Elaine M. McGraw, and Arthur Samuel (and, independently, by Andrey Yershov) and first analyzed in 1963 by Donald Knuth.
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