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Machine Learning

Also Known As ML
Computing Methodologies

Machine learning is the field of study within artificial intelligence concerned with statistical algorithms that learn from data and generalize to unseen data, performing tasks without being explicitly programmed for them. The term was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel, an IBM researcher and pioneer of computer game playing, and the field now underlies applications from speech recognition to the deep learning systems of the 2010s and beyond. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Origin Year
1959 1
The year Arthur Samuel coined the term machine learning.
Core Concern
How algorithms improve at tasks by learning from data rather than by being programmed with explicit rules. 1
Connections

Associated With

Artificial Intelligence, Fields

Machine learning is studied as a field within artificial intelligence.

Source Wikipedia: Machine learning
Bioinformatics, Fields

Field-to-field association; both are standard neighbouring areas of computing

Brain-Computer Interface, Fields

Field-to-field association; both are standard neighbouring areas of computing

Computational Creativity, Fields

Field-to-field association; both are standard neighbouring areas of computing

Computer Music, Fields

Field-to-field association; both are standard neighbouring areas of computing

Source Wikipedia: Computer Vision
Data Mining, Fields
Source Wikipedia: Data mining
Data Science, Fields
Source Wikipedia: Data science
GPU Computing, Fields
Source Wikipedia: Natural Language Processing

Recommender systems are described as employing machine learning.

Source Recommender Systems (Wikipedia)

Includes

Source Wikipedia: AdaBoost
Alan Turing, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: Alan Turing
Source Wikipedia: Alex Krizhevsky
Source Wikipedia: Alexey Ivakhnenko
Source Wikipedia: Amanda Randles
Andrew Barto, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: Andrew Barto
Andrew Ng, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: Andrew Ng
Source Wikipedia: Anima Anandkumar
Source Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - Wikipedia
Avrim Blum, Pioneers
Source Avrim Blum, Wikipedia
Source Backpropagation, Wikipedia
Source Bernhard Schölkopf (Wikipedia)
Source Bootstrap aggregating (Wikipedia)
Source C4.5 Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Carla Brodley (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Complete-linkage clustering
Source Wikipedia: Corinna Cortes
Source Wikipedia: Daphne Koller
David Blei, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: David Blei
Source David C. Parkes (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Diane J. Cook
Source Wikipedia: Expectation Maximization Algorithm
Source Wikipedia: Geoffrey Hinton
Source Wikipedia: Gradient boosting
Source Wikipedia: Ian Goodfellow
Source ID3 Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Ilya Sutskever
Ingemar Cox, Pioneers
Source Ingemar Cox (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Island algorithm
Source Jacek Karpiński (Wikipedia)
Source Junction tree algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Jürgen Schmidhuber (Wikipedia)
Source Karl Steinbuch (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: K-nearest neighbors algorithm
Source Knowledge distillation (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Kunihiko Fukushima
Source Kurt Bollacker, Wikipedia
Source Kyunghyun Cho (Wikipedia)
Source Label propagation algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Leonidas J. Guibas (Wikipedia)
Source Maria-Florina Balcan, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Michael I. Jordan
Source Michael J. Black (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm

Showing 1 to 50 of 92 in Includes, page 1 of 2.

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Machine learning
Wikipedia
  • Introduction and History sections
    Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without being explicitly programmed.
  • Introduction section
    Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence
  • History section
    The term machine learning was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel, an IBM employee and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
  • In Group: Machine Learning and Evolutionary Methods, lead section
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Wikipedia: Alan Turing
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alan Turing, Early computers and the Turing test section
Quote, Includes: Alan Turing, Early computers and the Turing test section
It would be better to produce a simpler one to simulate a child's mind and then to subject it to a course of education.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Computer Vision
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Computer Vision, Recent work section
Quote, Associated With: Computer Vision, Recent work section
Recent work has seen the resurgence of feature-based methods used in conjunction with machine learning techniques and complex optimization frameworks.
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Wikipedia: Natural Language Processing
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Natural Language Processing, History section
Quote, Associated With: Natural Language Processing, History section
Starting in the late 1980s, however, there was a revolution in natural language processing with the introduction of machine learning algorithms for language processing.
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Wikipedia: Data mining
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Data Mining, Lead section, para 1
Quote, Associated With: Data Mining, Lead section, para 1
Data mining is the process of extracting and finding patterns in massive data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.
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Wikipedia: Data science
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Data Science, Foundations section
Quote, Associated With: Data Science, Foundations section
Data scientists often work with unstructured data such as text or images and use machine learning algorithms to build predictive models.
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Recommender Systems (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Recommender Systems, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Recommender Systems, Lead section
The use of recommender systems is pervasive, with commonly recognised examples including the generation of playlists for video and music streaming services, product recommendations for e-commerce platforms, and topics and individual items posted on social media platforms and the open web. Online services employ machine learning or specialized deep learning recommendation models (DLRMs) that analyze user behavior and preferences to generate personalized content feeds for millions of users at any moment.
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Nitesh Chawla - Wikipedia
Includes: Nitesh Chawla, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Nitesh Chawla, Lead section
machine learning, data science, and network science
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Wikipedia: Amanda Randles
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Amanda Randles, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Amanda Randles, Lead section
biomedical simulation, machine learning
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Jacek Karpiński (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jacek Karpiński, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Jacek Karpiński, Lead section
one of the first machine learning algorithms
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Michael J. Black (Wikipedia)
Includes: Michael J. Black, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Michael J. Black, Lead section
computer vision, machine learning
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Raúl Rojas (Wikipedia)
Includes: Raul Rojas, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Raul Rojas, Lead section
specialist in artificial neural networks
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Ingemar Cox (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ingemar Cox, Lead
Quote, Includes: Ingemar Cox, Lead
Professor in the Machine Learning department at the University of Copenhagen
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Knowledge distillation (Wikipedia)
Includes: Knowledge distillation, Lead
Quote, Includes: Knowledge distillation, Lead
In machine learning, knowledge distillation or model distillation is the process of transferring knowledge from a large model to a smaller one.
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Seppo Linnainmaa (Wikipedia)
Includes: Seppo Linnainmaa, Lead
Quote, Includes: Seppo Linnainmaa, Lead
Seppo Ilmari Linnainmaa (born 28 September 1945) is a Finnish mathematician and computer scientist known for creating the modern version of backpropagation.
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Wikipedia: K-nearest neighbors algorithm
Includes: K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Lead sentence
k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) is a non-parametric supervised learning method that assigns weightage only to the k (number of) nearest neighbors of an entity in making a decision about the entity.
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Wikipedia: AdaBoost
Includes: AdaBoost Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: AdaBoost Algorithm, Lead sentence
AdaBoost (short for Adaptive Boosting) is a statistical classification meta-algorithm formulated by Yoav Freund and Robert Schapire in 1995, who won the 2003 Gödel Prize for their work.
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Wikipedia: Gradient boosting
Includes: Gradient Boosting Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Gradient Boosting Algorithm, Lead sentence
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as in traditional boosting.
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Wikipedia: Perceptron
Includes: Perceptron Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Perceptron Algorithm, Lead sentence
perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers.
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t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (Wikipedia)
Includes: t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, Lead sentence
t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a statistical method for visualizing high-dimensional data by giving each datapoint a location in a two or three-dimensional map.
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ID3 Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: ID3 Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: ID3 Algorithm, Lead sentence
ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) is a greedy algorithm invented by Ross Quinlan used to generate a decision tree from a dataset.
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C4.5 Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: C4.5 Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: C4.5 Algorithm, Lead sentence
C4.5 is an algorithm used to generate a decision tree developed by Ross Quinlan.
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Sequential Minimal Optimization (Wikipedia)
Includes: Sequential Minimal Optimization, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Sequential Minimal Optimization, Lead sentence
Sequential minimal optimization (SMO) is an algorithm for solving the quadratic programming (QP) problem that arises during the training of support-vector machines (SVM).
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Label propagation algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Label Propagation Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Label Propagation Algorithm, Lead sentence
Label propagation is a semi-supervised algorithm in machine learning that assigns labels to previously unlabeled data points.
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OPTICS algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: OPTICS Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: OPTICS Algorithm, Lead sentence
Ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) is an algorithm for finding density-based clusters in spatial data.
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Viola-Jones object detection framework (Wikipedia)
Includes: Viola-Jones Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Viola-Jones Algorithm, Lead sentence
Viola-Jones object detection framework is a machine learning object detection framework proposed in 2001 by Paul Viola and Michael Jones.
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Wikipedia: Complete-linkage clustering
Includes: Complete-linkage clustering, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Complete-linkage clustering, Lead sentence
Complete-linkage clustering is one of several methods of agglomerative hierarchical clustering.
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Wikipedia: UPGMA
Includes: UPGMA, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: UPGMA, Lead sentence
UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) is a simple agglomerative (bottom-up) hierarchical clustering method.
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Wikipedia: PagedAttention
Includes: PagedAttention, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: PagedAttention, Lead sentence
PagedAttention is an attention algorithm for efficient serving of large language models (LLMs).
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Wikipedia: WPGMA
Includes: WPGMA, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: WPGMA, Lead sentence
WPGMA (Weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) is a simple agglomerative (bottom-up) hierarchical clustering method, generally attributed to Sokal and Michener.
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Wikipedia: Symbolic regression
Includes: Symbolic Regression, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Symbolic Regression, Lead sentence
Symbolic regression (SR) is a type of regression analysis that searches the space of mathematical expressions to find the model that best fits a given dataset, both in terms of accuracy and simplicity.
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Tin Kam Ho - Wikipedia
  • Includes: Tin Kam Ho, Lead section
    Tin Kam Ho (Chinese: 何天琴) is a computer scientist at IBM Research with contributions to machine learning, data mining, and classification.
  • Includes: Tin Kam Ho, Lead paragraph
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Maria-Florina Balcan, Wikipedia
  • Includes: Maria-Florina Balcan, Lead sentence
    Maria-Florina (Nina) Balcan is a Romanian-American computer scientist whose research investigates machine learning, algorithmic game theory, theoretical computer science, ==Education== Balcan is originally from Romania, and earned a bachelor's degree in 2000 from the University of Bucharest, earning
  • Includes: Maria-Florina Balcan, Lead paragraph
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Carla Brodley (Wikipedia)
  • Includes: Carla Brodley, Lead sentence
    Carla E. Brodley is a computer scientist specializing in machine learning.
  • Includes: Carla Brodley, Lead paragraph
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Wikipedia: Geoffrey Hinton
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Geoffrey Hinton, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Ilya Sutskever
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Ilya Sutskever, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Andrew Ng
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Andrew Ng, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Yann LeCun
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Yann LeCun, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Yoshua Bengio
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Yoshua Bengio, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Alex Krizhevsky
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alex Krizhevsky, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Ian Goodfellow
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Ian Goodfellow, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Vladimir Vapnik
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Vladimir Vapnik, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Andrew Barto
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Andrew Barto, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Michael I. Jordan
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Michael I. Jordan, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Zoubin Ghahramani
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Zoubin Ghahramani, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Kunihiko Fukushima
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Kunihiko Fukushima, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Alexey Ivakhnenko
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alexey Ivakhnenko, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Sanjeev Arora
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Sanjeev Arora, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Yoav Freund
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Yoav Freund, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Peter Nordin
Includes: Peter Nordin, Lead paragraphView the Source
Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - Wikipedia
Includes: Arthur Samuel, Lead paragraphView the Source
Shai Ben-David, Wikipedia
Includes: Shai Ben-David, Lead paragraphView the Source
Avrim Blum, Wikipedia
Includes: Avrim Blum, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Diane J. Cook
Includes: Diane J. Cook, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Corinna Cortes
Includes: Corinna Cortes, Lead paragraphView the Source
Thomas G. Dietterich (Wikipedia)
Includes: Thomas G. Dietterich, Lead paragraphView the Source
Jürgen Schmidhuber (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jürgen Schmidhuber, Lead paragraphView the Source
Trevor Darrell (Wikipedia)
Includes: Trevor Darrell, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Expectation Maximization Algorithm
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Expectation Maximization Algorithm, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Universal portfolio algorithm
Includes: Universal Portfolio Algorithm, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Island algorithm
Includes: Island Algorithm, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Daphne Koller
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Daphne Koller, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: David Blei
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: David Blei, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Ujjwal Maulik
Includes: Ujjwal Maulik, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
David C. Parkes (Wikipedia)
Includes: David C. Parkes, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
Richard S. Sutton (Wikipedia)
Includes: Richard S. Sutton, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Nick Frosst
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Nick Frosst, Infobox: fields
Quote, Includes: Nick Frosst, Infobox: fields
Computer science, Machine learning
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Kurt Bollacker, Wikipedia
Includes: Kurt Bollacker, Lead
Quote, Includes: Kurt Bollacker, Lead
Kurt Bollacker is an American computer scientist with a research background in the areas of machine learning, digital libraries, semantic networks, and electro-cardiographic modeling.
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Wikipedia: Steve Furber
Includes: Steve Furber, Infobox: fields
Quote, Includes: Steve Furber, Infobox: fields
Artificial neural network, Neural Networks Network on a chip, Networks on Chip Microprocessors
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Peter L. Bartlett, Wikipedia
Includes: Peter L. Bartlett, Infobox: fields
Quote, Includes: Peter L. Bartlett, Infobox: fields
Machine learning Statistical learning theory Statistics Computer science
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Sankar Kumar Pal (Wikipedia)
Includes: Sankar Kumar Pal, Infobox: known_for
Quote, Includes: Sankar Kumar Pal, Infobox: known_for
Fuzzy neural network, Soft computing, Machine intelligence, Pattern recognition
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Bernhard Schölkopf (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bernhard Schölkopf, Infobox: known_for
Quote, Includes: Bernhard Schölkopf, Infobox: known_for
Machine Learning Kernel Methods Causal Inference
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Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb, Infobox: fields
Quote, Includes: Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb, Infobox: fields
Computer vision Artificial intelligence Machine learning Discrete mathematics
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Wikipedia: Random Forest Algorithm
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Random Forest Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Random Forest Algorithm, Lead
Random forests or random decision forests is an ensemble learning method for classification, regression and other tasks that works by creating a multitude of decision trees during training.
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Wikipedia: Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm, Lead
In statistics, naive (sometimes simple or idiot's) Bayes classifiers are a family of "probabilistic classifiers" which assume that the features are conditionally independent, given the target class.
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Wikipedia: Q-Learning Algorithm
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Q-Learning Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Q-Learning Algorithm, Lead
Q-learning is a reinforcement learning algorithm that trains an agent to assign values to its possible actions based on its current state, without requiring a model of the environment (model-free).
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Bootstrap aggregating (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bootstrap Aggregating Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Bootstrap Aggregating Algorithm, Lead
Bootstrap aggregating, also called bagging (from bootstrap aggregating) or bootstrapping, is a machine learning (ML) ensemble meta-algorithm designed to improve the stability and accuracy of ML classification and regression algorithms.
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Self-organizing map (Wikipedia)
Includes: Self-Organizing Map Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Self-Organizing Map Algorithm, Lead
A self-organizing map (SOM) or self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is an unsupervised machine learning technique used to produce a low-dimensional (typically two-dimensional) representation of a higher-dimensional data set while preserving the topological structure of the data.
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Backpropagation, Wikipedia
Includes: Backpropagation Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Backpropagation Algorithm, Lead
In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient computation method commonly used for training a neural network in computing parameter updates.
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Wikipedia: Neural style transfer
Includes: Neural Style Transfer, Lead
Quote, Includes: Neural Style Transfer, Lead
Neural style transfer (NST) software algorithms are able to manipulate digital images, or videos, in order to adopt the appearance or visual style of another image. NST algorithms are characterized by their use of deep neural networks for the sake of image transformation.
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Junction tree algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Junction tree algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Junction tree algorithm, Lead
The junction tree algorithm (also known as 'Clique Tree') is a method used in machine learning to extract marginalization in general graphs.
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Wikipedia: Anima Anandkumar
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Anima Anandkumar, Lead
Quote, Includes: Anima Anandkumar, Lead
Previously, she was a senior director of Machine Learning research at NVIDIA and a principal scientist at Amazon Web Services.
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Kyunghyun Cho (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kyunghyun Cho, Lead
Quote, Includes: Kyunghyun Cho, Lead
Cho is a researcher in machine learning, especially deep learning.
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Karl Steinbuch (Wikipedia)
Includes: Karl Steinbuch, Lead
Quote, Includes: Karl Steinbuch, Lead
He was an early and influential researcher in German computer science, and was the developer of the Lernmatrix, an early implementation of artificial neural networks.
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Leonidas J. Guibas (Wikipedia)
Includes: Leonidas J. Guibas, Lead
Quote, Includes: Leonidas J. Guibas, Lead
His research spans computational geometry, computer graphics, computer vision, machine learning, and robotics, with contributions including foundational data structures, the earth mover's distance for image retrieval, Metropolis light transport, and the PointNet architecture for deep learning on point clouds.
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Yoonkyung Lee (Wikipedia)
Includes: Yoonkyung Lee, Lead
Quote, Includes: Yoonkyung Lee, Lead
Her research takes a statistical approach to kernel methods, dimensionality reduction, and regularization in machine learning.
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