A distributed application architecture that divides work between providers of a resource or service, servers, and requesters of it, clients, communicating over a network. Formulated during the 1960s and 1970s by computer scientists building ARPANET at Stanford Research Institute, who used the terms server-host and user-host, both already visible in early RFC documents (RFC 4 and RFC 5); an early concrete example is remote job entry on IBM's OS/360, announced in 1964, where the request was to run a job and the response was its output. The word client was formally defined in a 1978 Xerox PARC paper on distributed file systems, and server did not enter general use until 1992. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Disputed
Origin YearThe underlying request-and-response division of labor is visible by 1964 (OS/360 remote job entry) and the server-host/user-host terminology by the early ARPANET RFCs, but the word client was not formally defined until a 1978 Xerox PARC paper and server only entered general use by 1992; no single year cleanly founds the model. Core PrincipleOne program (the client) initiates a request over a network, and another program (the server) fulfills it, a division of labor rather than a claim about which machine is more powerful. 1 FAQs
How does the client-server model differ from a peer-to-peer network?
In a peer-to-peer network the peers are coequal nodes and, unlike clients in a client-server network, communicate with each other directly.
In a peer-to-peer network, two or more computers pool their resources and communicate in a decentralized system, and the peers are coequal nodes in a non-hierarchical network. Unlike clients in a client-server network, peers communicate with each other directly.
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Source Wikipedia: Client-server model
In Field
Source Wikipedia: Client-server model
Source Wikipedia: Client-server model
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Client-server model
Wikimedia FoundationHistory section
the request was to run a job, and the response was the output
Lead section
The client-server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.
Associated With: ARPANET, Early history
While formulating the client-server model in the 1960s and 1970s, computer scientists building ARPANET (at the Stanford Research Institute) used the terms server-host (or serving host) and user-host (or using-host), and these appear in the early documents RFC 5 and RFC 4.
In Field: Distributed Computing, Distributed computing section
In the case of distributed computing projects such as SETI@home and the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, while the bulk of the operations occur on the client side, the servers are responsible for coordinating the clients, sending them data to analyze, receiving and storing results, providing reporting functionality to project administrators, etc.
In Group: System Architecture and Data Models, Lead
The client-server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.
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