Formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis and verification of software and hardware systems. They apply theoretical computer science foundations to improve system reliability and robustness, comparable to the mathematical analysis used in other engineering disciplines. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Origin YearTony Hoare's 1969 paper An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming, building on Robert Floyd's 1967 work on program semantics, is the field's conventionally cited formal starting point. Core ConcernMathematically specifying and, often with automated tool support, verifying that a software or hardware system meets its intended specification; gained recognition in the 1950s and 1960s through work such as John Backus's formal notation for ALGOL 58 syntax, later formalized as Backus-Naur form. 1 Formal Methods
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Source Wikipedia: Formal Methods
Source Wikipedia: Formal Methods
Tony Hoare, Pioneers Tony Hoare's 1969 paper An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming introduced Hoare logic, a foundational formal system for reasoning about program correctness, already cited on this field's own origin-year fact.
Source Wikipedia: Tony Hoare
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Source Ursula Martin (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Zhou Chaochen
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1. Wikipedia: Formal Methods
Wikimedia FoundationVerification section
Formal verification is the use of software tools to prove properties of a formal specification, or to prove that a formal model of a system implementation satisfies its specification.
History section
In the ALGOL 58 report, John Backus presented a formal notation for describing programming language syntax, later named Backus normal form then renamed Backus-Naur form (BNF).
Introduction
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems.
Associated With: Programming Language Theory, Fundamentals section
Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Associated With: John Backus, Specification section
In the ALGOL 58 report, John Backus presented a formal notation for describing programming language syntax, later named Backus normal form then renamed Backus-Naur form (BNF).
- In Group: Software Development, Architecture and Verification, lead section
View the Source Wikipedia: Tony Hoare
Wikipedia: Robin Milner
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Robin Milner, ContributionsQuote, Includes: Robin Milner, Contributions
He developed Logic for Computable Functions (LCF), one of the first tools for automated theorem proving.
Michael Backes, Wikipedia
Includes: Michael Backes, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Michael Backes, Lead section
formal methods, cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies
Insup Lee (Wikipedia)
Includes: Insup Lee, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Insup Lee, Lead section
formal methods and tools
Paritosh Pandya (Wikipedia)
Includes: Paritosh Pandya, LeadQuote, Includes: Paritosh Pandya, Lead
Pandya's main research interest is in the area of formal methods, including real-time systems.
Gerard J. Holzmann (Wikipedia)
Includes: Gerard J. Holzmann, Infobox: fieldsQuote, Includes: Gerard J. Holzmann, Infobox: fields
Model Checking
Radhia Cousot (Wikipedia)
Includes: Radhia Cousot, LeadQuote, Includes: Radhia Cousot, Lead
Radhia Cousot, née Rezig (6 August 1947-1 May 2014) was a French computer scientist known for inventing abstract interpretation.
Christine Paulin-Mohring (Wikipedia)
Includes: Christine Paulin-Mohring, LeadQuote, Includes: Christine Paulin-Mohring, Lead
Christine Paulin-Mohring (born 1962) is a mathematical logician and computer scientist, and Professor at the Faculté des Sciences of Paris-Saclay University, best known for developing the interactive theorem prover Rocq.
Davis-Putnam algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Davis-Putnam algorithm, Lead [in-field]Quote, Includes: Davis-Putnam algorithm, Lead [in-field]
using a resolution-based decision procedure for propositional logic
Leonardo de Moura (Wikipedia)
Includes: Leonardo de Moura, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Leonardo de Moura, Lead paragraph
Leonardo de Moura is a Brazilian computer scientist, creator of the Lean proof assistant and co-creator of the Z3 Theorem Prover during his time at Microsoft Research.
Carolyn Talcott (Wikipedia)
Includes: Carolyn Talcott, Lead sentence [in-group]Quote, Includes: Carolyn Talcott, Lead sentence [in-group]
known for work in formal reasoning, especially as it relates to computers, cryptanalysis and systems biology
Jeannette Wing (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jeannette Wing, Career and researchQuote, Includes: Jeannette Wing, Career and research
Wing has been a leading member of the formal methods community, especially in the area of Larch.
Ursula Martin (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ursula Martin, LeadQuote, Includes: Ursula Martin, Lead
with research interests in theoretical computer science and formal methods
Kaisa Sere (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kaisa Sere, Biography, formal methods researchQuote, Includes: Kaisa Sere, Biography, formal methods research
She undertook formal methods research in action systems, distributed systems, hardware design, neural networks, and program refinement.
Susan Gerhart (Wikipedia)
Includes: Susan Gerhart, Education, thesisQuote, Includes: Susan Gerhart, Education, thesis
She completed her thesis "Verification of APL Programs" in 1972
SPARK (programming language) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bernard Carré, Lead, verificationQuote, Includes: Bernard Carré, Lead, verification
The SPARK language consists of a well-defined subset of the Ada language that uses contracts to describe the specification of components in a form that is suitable for both static and dynamic verification.
Mizar system (Wikipedia)
Includes: Mizar system, LeadQuote, Includes: Mizar system, Lead
a proof assistant, which is able to mechanically check proofs written in this language
Wikipedia: Joseph Sifakis
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Joseph Sifakis, Lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Amir Pnueli
Wikipedia: Edmund M. Clarke
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Edmund M. Clarke, Lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: E. Allen Emerson
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: E. Allen Emerson, Lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Jonathan Bowen
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Jonathan Bowen, Lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Lawrence Paulson
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Lawrence Paulson, Lead paragraphView the Source Rajeev Alur, Wikipedia
Randal Bryant, Wikipedia
David L. Dill (Wikipedia)
Sandrine Blazy (Wikipedia)
Rocq - Wikipedia
Wikipedia: Zhou Chaochen
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Zhou Chaochen, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Joseph Goguen
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Joseph Goguen, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Patrick Cousot
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Patrick Cousot, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: He Jifeng
Includes: He Jifeng, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Eric Hehner
Includes: Eric Hehner, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Tobias Nipkow, Wikipedia
Includes: Tobias Nipkow, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Mathai Joseph - Wikipedia
Includes: Mathai Joseph, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Robert L. Constable
Includes: Robert L. Constable, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Robert France
Includes: Robert France, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Sergiy Vilkomir
Includes: Sergiy Vilkomir, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Anders P. Ravn
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Anders P. Ravn, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Hussein Zedan (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hussein Zedan, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Hans Langmaack (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hans Langmaack, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Greg Nelson (computer scientist) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Greg Nelson (computer scientist), Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source George Necula (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Necula, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source David Harel (Wikipedia)
Includes: David Harel, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Matt Kaufmann (Wikipedia)
Includes: Matt Kaufmann, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source J Strother Moore (Wikipedia)
Includes: J Strother Moore, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Jayadev Misra (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jayadev Misra, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Peter O'Hearn
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Peter O'Hearn, Infobox: fieldsQuote, Includes: Peter O'Hearn, Infobox: fields
Programming languages Program analysis Formal verification Theoretical computer science
David Luckham, Wikipedia
Includes: David Luckham, Infobox: known_forQuote, Includes: David Luckham, Infobox: known_for
Lisp Automated theorem proving Stanford Pascal Verifier Complex event processing Rational Software
Dines Bjorner, Wikipedia
Includes: Dines Bjorner, LeadQuote, Includes: Dines Bjorner, Lead
He specializes in research into domain engineering, requirements engineering and formal methods.
Robert K. Brayton, Wikipedia
Includes: Robert K. Brayton, Infobox: known_forQuote, Includes: Robert K. Brayton, Infobox: known_for
Logic synthesis, formal verification, circuit simulation
Marta Kwiatkowska (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marta Kwiatkowska, Infobox: fieldsQuote, Includes: Marta Kwiatkowska, Infobox: fields
Computer Science Automated verification Model checking, Probabilistic quantitative model checking Safety and robustness verification of deep learning
Kim Guldstrand Larsen (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kim Guldstrand Larsen, LeadQuote, Includes: Kim Guldstrand Larsen, Lead
His field of research includes modeling, validation and verification, performance analysis, and synthesing of real-time, embedded, and cyber-physical systems utilizing and contributing to concurrency theory and model checking.
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