Brain-Computer Interface

A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain-machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication link between the brain's electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb. BCIs are often directed at researching, mapping, assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions. Due to the cortical plasticity of the brain, signals from implanted prostheses can, after adaptation, be handled by the brain like natural sensor or effector channels. They are often conceptualized as a human-machine interface that skips the intermediary of moving body parts. BCI implementations range from non-invasive and partially invasive to invasive based on how physically close electrodes are to brain tissue.