Home›Programming Languages›All Programming LanguagesBrowse ByAll Programming LanguagesReference and ClassificationDevelopingA Language is a programming language: a defined notation and set of rules for instructing a computer, from early languages such as Fortran and Lisp through to languages in wide use today. A Language carries the year it was first released, the paradigm or paradigms it supports, and its significance, and it is linked to the pioneer or pioneers credited with designing it and the field or fields it belongs to. A Language is not a System: a language is a notation, a system is a running piece of infrastructure or a class of machine built using one or more languages.All Programming LanguagesSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)All Programming LanguagesFilter Results280 entriesParadigmAllAgent-Based and System Dynamics Modeling Languages (3)ALGOL-Derived Languages (12)Answer Set and Functional Logic Languages (2)APL and Its Descendants (4)Arthur Whitney Array Languages (2)BASIC Dialects (5)Business and Data Processing Languages (8)C Lineage Languages (4)C-Family Object-Oriented Languages (12)Channel-Based and CSP-Inspired Concurrent Languages (4)Cross-Platform and Cloud Multi-Paradigm Languages (3)Declarative Research Languages (2)Dependently Typed Proof Assistant Languages (4)Discrete-Event and Physical System Modeling Languages (3)Early High-Level Languages and Coding Systems (11)Early Research Functional Languages (6)Erlang Virtual Machine Languages (2)General-Purpose Multi-Paradigm Languages (10)Graph and Semantic Data Query Languages (3)Hardware Description Languages (5)Languages and Tools for Artists and Storytellers (2)Languages That Succeed or Extend an Earlier Systems Language (3)Lisp Dialects (6)List and String Processing Languages (2)Machine-Level Languages (2)Minimalist and Unconventional Esoteric Languages (6)ML Dialects (4)ML-Descended Multi-Paradigm Languages (3)Modern Systems Programming Languages (5)Object-Oriented Extensions and Reliability-Focused Languages (2)Object-Oriented Languages on the .NET Platform (2)Parallel and Distributed Programming Languages (7)Parody and Themed Esoteric Languages (3)Prolog and Its Close Relatives (3)Purely Functional Languages (5)Rebol and Its Successors (2)Smalltalk-Derived Languages (5)SQL and Its Procedural Extensions (3)Stack-Oriented Languages (4)Statically Typed JavaScript Supersets (2)Statistical and Numeric Computing Languages (2)Structured Programming Languages (5)System and Application Automation Languages (9)Unix Shell Languages (6)Very High-Level Languages (2)Web Scripting Languages (2)XML Query and Transformation Languages (3)First ReleasedAll1947 (1)1948 (1)1950 (1)1952 (2)1955 (2)1956 (1)1957 (2)1958 (4)1959 (5)1960 (3)1962 (2)1963 (2)1964 (5)1966 (4)1967 (4)1968 (2)1969 (2)1970 (4)1972 (6)1973 (3)1974 (1)1975 (6)1976 (3)1977 (4)1978 (3)1979 (2)1980 (3)1981 (3)1982 (5)1983 (9)1984 (7)1985 (6)1986 (9)1987 (3)1988 (6)1989 (4)1990 (4)1991 (2)1992 (4)1993 (10)1994 (2)1995 (9)1996 (8)1997 (4)1998 (3)1999 (6)2000 (2)2001 (12)2002 (6)2003 (9)2004 (4)2005 (4)2006 (3)2007 (6)2008 (4)2009 (5)2010 (2)2011 (6)2012 (5)2013 (3)2014 (5)2015 (4)2016 (4)2017 (2)2019 (1)2022 (1)2023 (1)LineageAllABAP (1)ABC (programming language) (1)Ada (1)Agda (1)ALGOL (1)AspectJ (1)AWK (1)B (programming language) (1)Ballerina (programming language) (5)Bash (2)BASIC (3)BBC BASIC (1)Befunge (2)Boo (programming language) (1)C# (1)C++ (3)Carbon (1)Clojure (2)COBOL (1)CoffeeScript (3)COMAL (1)Common Lisp (1)CORAL 66 (1)Crystal (1)Cython (1)D (1)Datalog (1)Dylan (programming language) (2)Eiffel (1)Elixir (1)Elm (1)Emacs Lisp (2)Erlang (1)Factor (programming language) (1)Gleam (programming language) (3)GNU Guile (1)Go (1)GraphQL (1)Groovy (2)GW-BASIC (1)Haskell (2)Haxe (3)HTML (1)Icon (programming language) (2)Idris (1)Io (programming language) (2)Java (2)JavaScript (5)JSON (1)Julia (7)Karel (programming language) (1)Karel++ (1)Kotlin (4)Lisp (1)Lua (3)Malbolge (2)Markdown (1)Mercury (1)Mesa (programming language) (1)Modula-2 (1)Modula-3 (1)MUMPS (2)NELIAC (1)Nemerle (2)Nial (1)Nim (6)Object Pascal (1)Objective-C (1)OCaml (2)Odin (programming language) (1)Pascal (1)Perl (4)Pharo (1)PHP (5)PL/I (3)PL/M (2)Pony (programming language) (1)PowerShell (3)Processing (1)PureBasic (1)PureScript (1)Python (1)R (2)Rebol (2)Red (programming language) (2)Ruby (3)Rust (2)Scheme (1)Scratch (programming language) (1)Self (1)SETL (1)Smalltalk (2)Solidity (3)SQL (1)Squirrel (programming language) (3)SystemVerilog (2)Turbo Pascal (1)Turing (programming language) (1)TypeScript (1)V (programming language) (3)Vala (programming language) (4)VHDL (1)Visual Basic for Applications (1)Wolfram Language (5)X10 (programming language) (1)XML (1)Z Shell (3)Zig (3)ACM AreaAllArtificial Intelligence (2)Computer Architecture (5)Databases (3)Distributed Computing (2)Embedded Systems (2)Formal Methods (1)Natural Language Processing (1)Operating Systems (5)Parallel Computing (2)Programming Language Theory (201)Software Engineering (20)Web Science (2)Invented ByAllAdele Goldberg (1)Adriaan van Wijngaarden (2)Alain Colmerauer (1)Alan Edelman (1)Alan Kay (1)Alan Perlis (2)Alfred Aho (1)Allen Newell (1)Anders Hejlsberg (3)Andrew Booth (1)Andrey Breslav (1)Anthony James Barr (1)Arthur Whitney (3)Aubrey Jaffer (2)Barbara Liskov (1)Bernard Galler (1)Bernard Vauquois (1)Bert Bos (1)Bertrand Meyer (1)Bill Joy (1)Bjarne Stroustrup (2)Brad Cox (1)Brendan Eich (1)Brian Fox (1)Brian Kernighan (2)Bruce Arden (1)Carl Sassenrath (1)Charles Geschke (1)Charles H. Moore (2)Chris Lattner (2)Christine Paulin-Mohring (1)Christopher Strachey (1)Cleve Moler (1)Cliff Shaw (2)Cornelis H. A. Koster (1)Corrado Böhm (1)Dan Ingalls (1)David Gelernter (1)David J. Farber (1)David Korn (1)David May (1)David Turner (1)Dennis Ritchie (2)Donald Chamberlin (1)Donald Knuth (1)Douglas Crockford (1)Friedrich L. Bauer (2)Gary Kildall (1)Gavin Wood (1)Gerald Jay Sussman (1)Grace Hopper (3)Graydon Hoare (1)Guido van Rossum (1)Guy L. Steele Jr. (2)Gérard Huet (2)Harry Huskey (1)Heinz Rutishauser (2)Herbert A. Simon (1)Håkon Wium Lie (1)Jacob T. Schwartz (1)James Gosling (1)Jay Forrester (1)Jean Ichbiah (1)Joe Armstrong (1)John Backus (4)John Chambers (1)John E. L. Peck (1)John Gruber (1)John Hughes (1)John Kemeny (1)John Mauchly (1)John McCarthy (2)John Ousterhout (1)John Warnock (1)Joseph Henry Wegstein (2)Joseph Weizenbaum (1)Kateryna Yushchenko (1)Kathleen Booth (1)Ken Thompson (2)Kenneth E. Iverson (4)Klaus Samelson (2)Konrad Zuse (1)Kristen Nygaard (1)Larry Tesler (1)Larry Wall (2)Lars Bak (1)Lawrence M. Breed (3)Lennart Augustsson (1)Luca Cardelli (1)Mark S. Miller (1)Martin Odersky (1)Martin Richards (1)Matthias Felleisen (1)Mitchel Resnick (2)Niklaus Wirth (7)Ole-Johan Dahl (1)Paul Graham (1)Paul Hudak (1)Peter J. Weinberger (1)Peter Landin (1)Peter Naur (1)Philip Moorby (1)Philip Wadler (1)Philip Woodward (1)Ralph Griswold (1)Rasmus Lerdorf (1)Rich Hickey (1)Richard E. Pattis (2)Richard P. Gabriel (1)Richard Stallman (1)Rob Pike (4)Robert Griesemer (1)Robert Kowalski (1)Robert Tappan Morris (1)Roberto Ierusalimschy (1)Robin Milner (2)Robin Popplestone (1)Rod Burstall (2)Roger Hui (1)Ross Ihaka (1)Scott Fahlman (1)Simon Peyton Jones (1)Sophie Wilson (1)Stephen R. Bourne (1)Stephen Wolfram (1)Ted Kaehler (1)Thierry Coquand (1)Thomas Kurtz (1)Tim Berners-Lee (1)Tim Bray (1)Tom Lord (1)Tom Preston-Werner (1)Tony Hoare (1)Valentin Turchin (1)Walter Bright (1)William Wulf (1)Xavier Leroy (2)Yukihiro Matsumoto (1)PredecessorAllALGOL 68 (1)ALGOL W (1)B (programming language) (1)BCPL (1)C (2)GNU Guile (1)Icon (programming language) (1)Karel (programming language) (1)Oberon (1)Objective-C (1)Pascal (1)R (1)Raku (1)Scheme (1)Squeak (1)Swift (1)TypeScript (1)VB.NET (1)Typing DisciplineAllDuck Typed (10)Dynamically Typed (60)Gradual Typing (6)Statically Typed (83)Strongly Typed (100)Weakly Typed (10)LicenseAllApache License 2.0 (23)Artistic License 2.0 (1)BSD 2-Clause (2)BSD 3-Clause (11)Eclipse Public License 1.0 (2)Eclipse Public License 2.0 (1)GNU GPL v2.0 (5)GNU GPL v3.0 (5)GNU LGPL v2.1 (3)ISC License (1)MIT (14)Proprietary (Closed Source) (7)Python Software Foundation License 2.0 (1)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 100A+ (programming language)Array LanguageA-0 SystemProcedural LanguageABAPProcedural LanguageABC (programming language)Procedural LanguageABEL (hardware description language)Simulation LanguageAdaStructured LanguageAddress programming languageProcedural LanguageAgdaFunctional LanguageAHDLSimulation LanguageAlef (programming language)Concurrent LanguageALGOLProcedural LanguageALGOL 58Procedural LanguageALGOL 60Structured LanguageALGOL 68Procedural LanguageALGOL WProcedural LanguageAnswer Set ProgrammingLogic LanguageAPLArray LanguageAPL2Array LanguageAppleScriptScripting LanguageArc (programming language)Functional LanguageArgus (programming language)Concurrent LanguageArnoldCEsoteric LanguageAspectJObject-Oriented LanguageAssembly LanguageLow-Level LanguageAutocodeProcedural LanguageAWKScripting LanguageB (programming language)Procedural LanguageBallerina (programming language)Multi-Paradigm LanguageBashScripting LanguageBASICProcedural LanguageBBC BASICProcedural LanguageBCPLProcedural LanguageBefungeEsoteric LanguageBLISS (programming language)Systems LanguageBoo (programming language)Object-Oriented LanguageBourne ShellScripting LanguageBrainfuckEsoteric LanguageCProcedural LanguageC ShellScripting LanguageC with ClassesObject-Oriented LanguageC#Object-Oriented LanguageC++Object-Oriented LanguageCamlFunctional LanguageCarbonSystems LanguageChapelConcurrent LanguageChefEsoteric LanguageCHIP-8Low-Level LanguageCilkSystems LanguageClipper (programming language)Procedural LanguageClojureFunctional LanguageCLU (programming language)Procedural LanguageCOBOLProcedural LanguageCoffeeScriptScripting LanguageColdFusionScripting LanguageColorForthProcedural LanguageCOMALStructured LanguageCommon LispFunctional LanguageCommonMarkMarkdown specificationCoq (proof assistant)Functional LanguageCORAL 66Procedural LanguageCPL (Combined Programming Language)Procedural LanguageCrystalObject-Oriented LanguageCSSMarkup LanguageCSVData Serialization FormatCurry (programming language)Multi-Paradigm LanguageCypherQuery LanguageCythonTyped Superset LanguageDSystems LanguageDafnyMulti-Paradigm LanguageDartObject-Oriented LanguageDataFlexProcedural LanguageDatalogLogic LanguageDyalog APLArray LanguageDylan (programming language)Multi-Paradigm LanguageDYNAMO (programming language)Simulation LanguageE (programming language)Object-Oriented LanguageEiffelObject-Oriented LanguageElixirFunctional LanguageElmFunctional LanguageEmacs LispFunctional LanguageErlangConcurrent LanguageF (programming language)Procedural LanguageF#Multi-Paradigm LanguageFactor (programming language)Procedural LanguageFish (Unix shell)Scripting LanguageFL (programming language)Functional LanguageFLOW-MATICProcedural LanguageForthProcedural LanguageFortranProcedural LanguageFortress (programming language)Concurrent LanguageFP (programming language)Functional LanguageFRACTRANEsoteric LanguageFreeBASICProcedural LanguageFuthark (programming language)Multi-Paradigm LanguageGforthProcedural Language123Next →SourcesWikipedia: Rust (programming language)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationContains: Rust, IntroductionView the SourceWikipedia: Go (programming language)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationContains: Go, IntroductionView the SourceWikipedia: Perltier 2Wikimedia FoundationContains: Perl, IntroductionView the SourceWikipedia: Assembly languagetier 2WikipediaContains: Assembly Language, IntroductionView the SourceComments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.