Computer graphics is the field of computing concerned with generating images with computers, from line drawings and user interfaces to photorealistic rendering and animation. The phrase is credited to William Fetter, a graphic designer at Boeing, in 1960, and the field's founding demonstration was Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad system, which let a person draw shapes on a screen with a light pen, save them and recall them.
Facts
Origin YearThe year the phrase computer graphics is credited to William Fetter at Boeing. Core ConcernHow pictures are represented, generated and displayed by computation, and how people interact with what is drawn. 1 Computer Graphics
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Source Wikipedia: Augmented reality
Computational photography spans computer graphics as one of its constituent subject areas.
Source Computational Photography (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Computer Vision
Data and information visualization is described as emerging in part from graphics research.
Source Data and Information Visualization (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Human-computer interaction
Ivan Sutherland's 1963 Sketchpad program, built for his MIT PhD thesis, is widely credited as the origin of interactive computer graphics and demonstrated the first graphical user interface.
Source Wikipedia: Ivan Sutherland
Source Wikipedia: Virtual reality
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Source Newell's algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source OpenGL Shading Language (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Pat Hanrahan
Source Path tracing (Wikipedia)
Source Phong shading (Wikipedia)
Source Pierre Bézier (Wikipedia)
Source Rendering equation (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Robert L. Cook
Source Seam carving (Wikipedia)
Source Slab method (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Steven Anson Coons
Source Steven K. Feiner (Wikipedia)
Source Summed-area table (Wikipedia)
Source Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Tessellation (computer graphics) (Wikipedia)
Source Thomas A. DeFanti - Wikipedia
Source Tom Duff (Wikipedia)
Source Tomoyuki Nishita (Wikipedia)
Source Ton Roosendaal (Wikipedia)
Source Vatti clipping algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Weiler-Atherton clipping algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm (Wikipedia)
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1. Wikipedia: Computer Graphics
Wikimedia FoundationOverview and 1960s sections
Computer graphics (CG) deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers.
Lead section
The phrase was coined in 1960 by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing.
View the Source Wikipedia: Ivan Sutherland
Wikimedia FoundationInfluenced By: Ivan Sutherland, Early life and education
Sketchpad was an innovative program that influenced alternative forms of interaction with computers.
- Associated With: Ivan Sutherland
- Includes: Ivan Sutherland, Lead paragraph
View the Source Wikipedia: Computer Vision
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Computer Vision, Related fields sectionQuote, Associated With: Computer Vision, Related fields section
Computer graphics produces image data from 3D models, and computer vision often produces 3D models from image data.
View the Source Wikipedia: Human-computer interaction
WikipediaAssociated With: Human Computer Interaction, Overview sectionQuote, Associated With: Human Computer Interaction, Overview section
On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant.
View the Source Wikipedia: Virtual reality
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Virtual Reality, Forms and methods sectionQuote, Associated With: Virtual Reality, Forms and methods section
Image-based virtual reality systems have been gaining popularity in computer graphics and computer vision communities.
View the Source Wikipedia: Augmented reality
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Augmented Reality, Lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Augmented Reality, Lead section
Augmented reality (AR), also known as mixed reality (MR), is a form of 3D human-computer interaction that overlays real-time 3D-rendered computer graphics into the real world through a display, such as a handheld device or head-mounted display.
View the Source Computational Photography (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Computational Photography, Lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Computational Photography, Lead section
The definition of computational photography has evolved to cover a number of subject areas in computer graphics, computer vision, and applied optics.
View the Source Data and Information Visualization (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Data and Information Visualization, Lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Data and Information Visualization, Lead section
The field of data and information visualization has emerged "from research in human-computer interaction, computer science, graphics, visual design, psychology, photography and business methods."
View the Source Inter Frame (Wikipedia)
Includes: Inter frame, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Inter frame, Lead paragraph
An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames.
View the Source Wikipedia: John Carmack
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Carmack made innovations in 3D computer graphics
View the Source Tomoyuki Nishita (Wikipedia)
Includes: Tomoyuki Nishita, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Tomoyuki Nishita, Lead section
research award for computer graphics
View the Source Pierre Bézier (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pierre Bézier, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Pierre Bézier, Lead section
computer-aided design and computer graphics systems
View the Source Demetri Terzopoulos, Wikipedia
Includes: Demetri Terzopoulos, LeadQuote, Includes: Demetri Terzopoulos, Lead
directs the UCLA Computer Graphics & Vision Laborator
View the Source Wikipedia: Eiiti Wada
Includes: Eiiti Wada, LeadQuote, Includes: Eiiti Wada, Lead
As of 2020, he works on computer graphics for the Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ) Innovation Institute.
View the Source Herbert W. Franke - Wikipedia
Includes: Herbert W. Franke, LeadQuote, Includes: Herbert W. Franke, Lead
He is also one of the important early computer artists (and collectors), creating computer graphics and early digital art since the late 1950s.
View the Source Path tracing (Wikipedia)
Includes: Path tracing, Lead, first sentenceQuote, Includes: Path tracing, Lead, first sentence
is a rendering algorithm in computer graphics
View the Source Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm, Lead paragraph
Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm is an algorithm for line antialiasing.
View the Source Lanczos resampling (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lanczos resampling, Lead section [in-field]Quote, Includes: Lanczos resampling, Lead section [in-field]
It is often used also for multivariate interpolation, for example to resize or rotate a digital image.
View the Source Diamond-square algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Diamond-square algorithm, LeadQuote, Includes: Diamond-square algorithm, Lead
The diamond-square algorithm is a method for generating heightmaps for computer graphics.
View the Source Seam carving (Wikipedia)
Includes: Seam carving, LeadQuote, Includes: Seam carving, Lead
Seam carving (or liquid rescaling) is an algorithm for content-aware image resizing
View the Source Ton Roosendaal (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ton Roosendaal, Lead and infobox [in-group]Quote, Includes: Ton Roosendaal, Lead and infobox [in-group]
He is the original creator of the open-source 3D creation suite Blender and Traces
View the Source Craig Reynolds (computer graphics) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Craig Reynolds (computer graphics), Lead, in-fieldQuote, Includes: Craig Reynolds (computer graphics), Lead, in-field
is an artificial life and computer graphics expert
View the Source Ming C. Lin (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ming C. Lin, Career, research interestsQuote, Includes: Ming C. Lin, Career, research interests
her research interests are in physically based modeling, haptics, robotics, 3D computer graphics, computational geometry, and interactive computer simulation
View the Source Hans-Peter Seidel (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hans-Peter Seidel, Lead, computer graphicsQuote, Includes: Hans-Peter Seidel, Lead, computer graphics
is a German computer graphics researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Computer Science and Saarland University
View the Source Maureen C. Stone (Wikipedia)
Includes: Maureen C. Stone, Research, graphics startQuote, Includes: Maureen C. Stone, Research, graphics start
Stone began working in computer graphics in the early 1970s, as part of the PLATO project at the University of Illinois.
View the Source Rendering equation (Wikipedia)
Includes: Rendering equation, Lead, fieldQuote, Includes: Rendering equation, Lead, field
In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation that expresses the amount of light leaving a point on a surface as the sum of emitted light and reflected light.
View the Source Phong shading (Wikipedia)
Includes: Phong shading, LeadQuote, Includes: Phong shading, Lead
In 3D computer graphics, Phong shading, Phong interpolation, or normal-vector interpolation shading is an interpolation technique for surface shading
View the Source Möller-Trumbore intersection algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Möller-Trumbore intersection algorithm, Lead, computer graphicsQuote, Includes: Möller-Trumbore intersection algorithm, Lead, computer graphics
it can be used in computer graphics to implement ray tracing computations involving triangle meshes
View the Source Summed-area table (Wikipedia)
Includes: Summed-area table, Lead, graphicsQuote, Includes: Summed-area table, Lead, graphics
It was introduced to computer graphics in 1984 by Frank Crow for use with mipmaps.
View the Source OpenGL Shading Language (Wikipedia)
Includes: OpenGL Shading Language, LeadQuote, Includes: OpenGL Shading Language, Lead
to give developers more direct control of the graphics pipeline
View the Source Vatti clipping algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Vatti clipping algorithm, LeadQuote, Includes: Vatti clipping algorithm, Lead
The Vatti clipping algorithm is used in computer graphics.
View the Source Atkinson dithering (Wikipedia)
Includes: Atkinson dithering, Implementation, scanning pixelsQuote, Includes: Atkinson dithering, Implementation, scanning pixels
quantizing pixel values one by one
View the Source Floyd-Steinberg dithering (Wikipedia)
Includes: Floyd-Steinberg dithering, Lead, use in image softwareQuote, Includes: Floyd-Steinberg dithering, Lead, use in image software
It is commonly used by image manipulation software, for example, when converting an image from a Truecolor 24-bit PNG format into a GIF format
View the Source Franklin C. Crow (Wikipedia)
Includes: Franklin C. Crow, LeadQuote, Includes: Franklin C. Crow, Lead
is a computer scientist who has made important contributions to computer graphics, including some of the first practical spatial anti-aliasing techniques.
View the Source Bill Atkinson (Wikipedia)
Includes: Bill Atkinson, AppleQuote, Includes: Bill Atkinson, Apple
He also designed and implemented QuickDraw, the fundamental toolbox that the Lisa and Macintosh used for graphics.
View the Source Vvvv (Wikipedia)
Includes: Vvvv, Lead, graphics focusQuote, Includes: Vvvv, Lead, graphics focus
real-time motion graphics, audio and video
View the Source Asymptote (vector graphics language) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Asymptote (vector graphics language), Lead, graphics languageQuote, Includes: Asymptote (vector graphics language), Lead, graphics language
Asymptote is a descriptive vector graphics language
View the Source Deep Learning Super Sampling (Wikipedia)
Includes: Deep Learning Super Sampling, LeadQuote, Includes: Deep Learning Super Sampling, Lead
real-time deep learning image enhancement and upscaling technologies developed by Nvidia
View the Source Newell's algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Newell's algorithm, Lead, fieldQuote, Includes: Newell's algorithm, Lead, field
Newell's Algorithm is a 3D computer graphics procedure for elimination of polygon cycles in the depth sorting required in hidden-surface removal.
View the Source Martin Newell (computer scientist) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Martin Newell, LeadQuote, Includes: Martin Newell, Lead
specializing in computer graphics
View the Source Tom Duff (Wikipedia)
Includes: Tom Duff, Programming career, fieldQuote, Includes: Tom Duff, Programming career, field
is now a key technique in computer graphics
View the Source Tessellation (computer graphics) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Tessellation (computer graphics), Lead, computer graphicsQuote, Includes: Tessellation (computer graphics), Lead, computer graphics
In computer graphics, tessellation is the dividing of datasets of polygons (sometimes called vertex sets) presenting objects in a scene into suitable structures for rendering.
View the Source GRASS (programming language) (Wikipedia)
Includes: GRASS (programming language), Lead, graphics scriptingQuote, Includes: GRASS (programming language), Lead, graphics scripting
GRASS is similar to BASIC in syntax, but adds numerous instructions for specifying 2D object animation, including scaling, translation and rotation over time.
View the Source Hollywood (programming language) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hollywood (programming language), General informationQuote, Includes: Hollywood (programming language), General information
The language set comprises roughly 900 different commands from the following fields of application: 2D graphics, sound
View the Source Slab method (Wikipedia)
Includes: Slab method, Lead, fieldQuote, Includes: Slab method, Lead, field
In computer graphics, the slab method is an algorithm
View the Source Bresenham's line algorithm, Wikipedia
Includes: Bresenham's Line Algorithm, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Bresenham's Line Algorithm, Lead sentence
Bresenham's line algorithm is a line drawing algorithm that determines the points of an n-dimensional raster that should be selected in order to form a close approximation to a straight line between two points.
View the Source Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm, Lead sentence
Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm is an algorithm used for clipping polygons.
View the Source Midpoint circle algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Midpoint Circle Algorithm, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Midpoint Circle Algorithm, Lead sentence
midpoint circle algorithm is an algorithm used to determine the points needed for rasterizing a circle.
View the Source Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Visvalingam-Whyatt Algorithm, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Visvalingam-Whyatt Algorithm, Lead sentence
Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm, or simply the Visvalingam algorithm, is an algorithm that decimates a curve composed of line segments to a similar curve with fewer points, primarily for usage in cartographic generalisation.
View the Source Catmull-Clark subdivision surface (Wikipedia)
Includes: Catmull-Clark Subdivision Algorithm, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Catmull-Clark Subdivision Algorithm, Lead sentence
Catmull-Clark algorithm is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to create curved surfaces by using subdivision surface modeling.
View the Source Wikipedia: Michael F. Cohen
Includes: Michael F. Cohen, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Michael F. Cohen, Lead sentence
Michael F. Cohen is an American computer scientist and researcher in computer graphics.
View the Source J. Turner Whitted (Wikipedia)
Includes: J. Turner Whitted, Lead sentence
John Turner Whitted is an electrical engineer and computer scientist who introduced recursive ray tracing to the computer graphics community with his 1979 paper "An improved illumination model for shaded display". His algorithm proved to be a practical method of simulating global illumination, inspi
- Includes: J. Turner Whitted, Lead paragraph
View the SourceWikipedia: Edwin Catmull
Wikipedia: James D. Foley
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: James D. Foley, Lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Steven Anson Coons
Wikipedia: Pat Hanrahan
Nadia Magnenat Thalmann (Wikipedia)
Herbert Freeman, Wikipedia
Kurt Akeley, Wikipedia
Marc Alexa, Wikipedia
Loren Carpenter - Wikipedia
Wikipedia: Robert L. Cook
Thomas A. DeFanti - Wikipedia
Steven K. Feiner (Wikipedia)
Neil Wiseman (Wikipedia)
Marching cubes (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia: Bert Sutherland
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Bert Sutherland, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source George Mallen (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Mallen, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Marching squares (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marching Squares Algorithm, LeadQuote, Includes: Marching Squares Algorithm, Lead
In computer graphics, marching squares is an algorithm that generates contours for a two-dimensional scalar field (rectangular array of individual numerical values). A similar method can be used to contour 2D triangle meshes.
View the Source Wikipedia: Andries van Dam
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Andries van Dam, LeadQuote, Includes: Andries van Dam, Lead
He co-authored Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice along with J.D.
View the Source Nelson Max (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nelson Max, LeadQuote, Includes: Nelson Max, Lead
His research interests include scientific visualization, computer animation, photorealistic computer graphics rendering, multi-view stereo reconstruction, and augmented reality.
View the Source Marie-Paule Cani (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marie-Paule Cani, LeadQuote, Includes: Marie-Paule Cani, Lead
Marie-Paule Cani (born 1965) is a French computer scientist and researcher specializing in shape modeling and computer animation.
View the Source Henry Fuchs (Wikipedia)
Includes: Henry Fuchs, LeadQuote, Includes: Henry Fuchs, Lead
Henry Fuchs (born 20 January 1948) is an American computer scientist and pioneer in 3D computer graphics.
View the Source Jim Kajiya (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jim Kajiya, LeadQuote, Includes: Jim Kajiya, Lead
James Kajiya is a pioneer in the field of computer graphics.
View the Source Jim Blinn (Wikipedia)
Includes: James F. Blinn, LeadQuote, Includes: James F. Blinn, Lead
Blinn (born 1949) is an American computer scientist who first became widely known for his work as a computer graphics expert at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), particularly his work on the pre-encounter animations for the Voyager project, his work on the 1980 Carl Sagan documentary series Cosmos, and the research of the Blinn-Phong shading model.
View the Source Donald P. Greenberg (Wikipedia)
Includes: Donald P. Greenberg, LeadQuote, Includes: Donald P. Greenberg, Lead
Donald Peter Greenberg (born 1934) was the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Computer Graphics at Cornell University from 1966 to 2025.
View the Source Luiz Velho (Wikipedia)
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Luiz Carlos Pacheco Rodrigues Velho (born 5 June 1956) is a Brazilian applied mathematician working primarily on computer graphics and computer vision.
View the Source Leonidas J. Guibas (Wikipedia)
Includes: Leonidas J. Guibas, LeadQuote, Includes: Leonidas J. Guibas, Lead
His research spans computational geometry, computer graphics, computer vision, machine learning, and robotics, with contributions including foundational data structures, the earth mover's distance for image retrieval, Metropolis light transport, and the PointNet architecture for deep learning on point clouds.
View the Source Lance Williams (graphics researcher) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lance J. Williams, LeadQuote, Includes: Lance J. Williams, Lead
Williams was one of the first people to recognize the potential of computer graphics to transform film and video making.
View the Source Markus Gross (Wikipedia)
Includes: Markus Gross, LeadQuote, Includes: Markus Gross, Lead
Markus Gross (born June 14, 1963, Saarland, Germany) is a Professor of Computer science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH), head of its Computer Graphics Laboratory, and serves as Chief Scientist at The Walt Disney Studios as well as Director of DisneyResearch|Studios.
View the Source Weiler-Atherton clipping algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Weiler-Atherton Algorithm, LeadQuote, Includes: Weiler-Atherton Algorithm, Lead
It is used in areas like computer graphics and games development where clipping of polygons is needed.
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