Operating Systems

the real-time operating system (RTOS) architecture TRON

original group at Bell Labs that created the Unix operating system

known for work on various projects including FreeBSD and Vinyl Cache

He is the original author of the GNU Bash shell

author of An Operating Systems Vade Mecum, a textbook on operating systems

Stallman launched the GNU Project in September 1983 to write a Unix-like computer operating system composed entirely of free software.

William Richard (Rich) Stevens (February 5, 1951, September 1, 1999) was a Northern Rhodesia-born American author of computer science books, in particular books on Unix and TCP/IP.

While at Michigan he co-authored two compilers, GAT for the IBM 650 and MAD for the IBM 704/709/7090, was involved in the design of the architecture and negotiations with IBM over the virtual memory features that would be included in what became the IBM System/360 Model 67 computer, and in the initial design of the Michigan Terminal System (MTS) time-sharing operating system.

Multics

Job Control Language (JCL) is a programming language for scripting and launching batch jobs on IBM mainframe computers.

Windows is a proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.

Mac OS (originally System Software; retronymically Classic Mac OS) is the series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Computer, Inc.

Android is an operating system developed by Google, designed primarily for smartphones and tablets (touchscreen-based mobile devices originally; later for other devices, such as TVs and PCs), based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-sourc

iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple for its iPhone line of smartphones.

Symbian is a discontinued mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for feature phones and smartphones.

BlackBerry OS is a discontinued proprietary mobile operating system developed by Canadian company Research In Motion (now BlackBerry Limited) for its BlackBerry line of smartphone handheld devices.

Palm OS (later versions of which were also known as Garnet OS) is a discontinued mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996. Palm OS was designed for ease of use with a touchscreen-based graphical

VxWorks is a real-time operating system (or RTOS) developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems, a subsidiary of Aptiv.

QNX ( or ) is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.

ChromeOS (sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS) is a proprietary operating system designed and developed by Google.

AmigaOS is a family of proprietary native operating systems of the Amiga and AmigaOne personal computers.

MINIX is a family of Unix-like operating systems based on a microkernel architecture, written by American-Dutch computer scientist Andrew S. Tanenbaum.

OpenVMS, often referred to as just VMS, is a multi-user, multiprocessing and virtual memory-based operating system.

AIX (pronounced ay-eye-EKS) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive".

HP-UX (from "Hewlett Packard Unix") is a discontinued proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system developed by Hewlett Packard Enterprise, now out of standard support (Mature Support on HPE Integrity without Sustaining Engineering through at least

IRIX (, EYE-ricks, a portmanteau of IRIS and UNIX) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company's proprietary MIPS workstations and servers.

Fuchsia is an open-source capability-based operating system developed by Google.

FreeRTOS is a real-time operating system kernel for embedded devices that has been ported to 40 microcontroller platforms.

86-DOS (known internally as QDOS, for Quick and Dirty Operating System) is a discontinued operating system developed and marketed by Seattle Computer Products (SCP) for its Intel 8086-based computer kit.

HarmonyOS 5 (also known as HarmonyOS NEXT) is a proprietary distributed operating system developed by Huawei that succeeded the similarly named HarmonyOS, with the main difference being that the "NEXT" operating system supports only HarmonyOS native apps.

Internetworking Operating System (IOS) is a family of proprietary network operating systems used on several router and network switch models manufactured by Cisco Systems.

UNIX System III (or System 3) is a discontinued version of the Unix operating system released by AT&T's Unix Support Group (USG).

A/UX is a Unix-based operating system from Apple Computer for Macintosh computers, integrated with System 7's graphical interface and application compatibility.

network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall.

Edubuntu is an official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system designed for use in classrooms inside schools, homes, and communities.

Version 7 Unix, also called Seventh Edition Unix, Version 7 or just V7, was an important early release of the Unix operating system.

Apple DOS is the disk operating system for the Apple II computers from late 1978 through early 1983. It was superseded by ProDOS in 1983. Apple DOS has three major releases: DOS 3.1, DOS 3.2, and DOS 3.3; each one of these three releases was followed by a seco

Cairo was the codename for a project at Microsoft from 1991 to 1996. Its charter was to build technologies for a next-generation operating system that would fulfill Bill Gates's vision of "information at your fingertips." Cairo never shipped, although portions

distributed operating system is system software over a collection of independent software, networked, communicating, and physically separate computational nodes.

ProDOS is the name of two similar operating systems for the Apple II line of personal computer.

xv6 is a modern reimplementation of Sixth Edition Unix in ANSI C for multiprocessor x86 and RISC-V systems.

Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP).

Research Unix refers to the early versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX, and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research Center (CSRC).

Amoeba is a distributed operating system developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum and others at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Ultrix (officially all-caps ULTRIX) is the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) discontinued native Unix operating systems for the PDP-11, VAX, MicroVAX and DECstations.

Xenix is a Unix operating system that was published by Microsoft from 1980 to 1987, and by the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) from 1987 to 1991. Xenix is based on the operating system UNIX System V, which Microsoft licensed from AT&T Corporation in the late 1970s.

BlackBerry 10 (BB10) is a deprecated proprietary mobile operating system for the BlackBerry line of smartphones, developed by BlackBerry Limited (formerly known as Research In Motion).

CP/M-86 is a discontinued version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable .CMD file format.

NetWare is a discontinued computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc.

IBM PC DOS (an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System), also known as IBM DOS or PC DOS, is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, its successors, and IBM PC compatibles.

FlexOS is a discontinued modular real-time multiuser multitasking operating system (RTOS) designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets.

SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems from 1982 until the mid-1990s.

Rhapsody is an operating system that was developed by Apple Computer after its purchase of NeXT in the late 1990s.

Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was the first general purpose time-sharing operating system.

Contiki is an operating system for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD or PCBSD) is a discontinued Unix-like, server-oriented operating system built upon the most recent releases of FreeBSD-CURRENT. Up to 2018, it aimed to be easy to install by using a graphical installation program, and easy and ready-to-

Minix 3 is a small, Unix-like operating system published under a BSD-3-Clause license, and is a successor project to the earlier versions, Minix 1.x and 2.0.

bridgeOS is an embedded operating system created and developed by Apple for use exclusively with its hardware.

TOS (The Operating System) is the operating system of the Atari ST range of computers.

Newton OS is a discontinued operating system for the Apple Newton PDAs produced by Apple Computer, Inc.

HarmonyOS (HMOS) (Chinese: 鸿蒙操作系统; pinyin: Hóngméng Cāozuò Xìtǒng; trans. "Vast Mist") is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei for smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, smart watches, personal computers and other smart devices.

Sophisticated Operating System, or SOS (), is the primary operating system of the Apple III computer.

Magic Cap (short for Magic Communicating Applications Platform) is a discontinued object-oriented operating system for PDAs developed by General Magic.

GM-NAA I/O input/output system of General Motors and North American Aviation was the first operating system for the IBM 704 computer.

C# Open Source Managed Operating System (Cosmos) is a toolkit for building GUI and command-line based operating systems, written mostly in the programming language C# and small amounts of a high-level assembly language named X#. Cosmos is a backronym, in that

Android Things is a deprecated Android-based embedded operating system platform by Google, announced at Google I/O 2015, and launched in 2018. Android Things Dashboard shutdown began on January 5, 2021. After January 5, 2022, Android Things Dashboard has been

RSTS () is a multi-user time-sharing operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC, now part of Hewlett-Packard) for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers.

Sixth Edition Unix, also called Version 6 Unix or just V6 is a version of the Unix operating system first released in May 1975 and the first version of the Unix operating system to see wide release outside Bell Labs.

XINU Is Not Unix (XINU, a recursive acronym), is an operating system for embedded systems, originally developed by Douglas Comer for educational use at Purdue University in the 1980s.

MSX-DOS is a discontinued disk operating system developed by Microsoft's Japan subsidiary for the 8-bit home computer standard MSX, and is a cross between MS-DOS v1.25 and CP/M-80 v2.2.

Domain/OS is the discontinued operating system used by the Apollo/Domain line of workstations manufactured by Apollo Computer.

TENEX is an operating system developed in 1969 by BBN for the PDP-10, which later formed the basis for Digital Equipment Corporation's TOPS-20 operating system.

AmigaDOS is the disk operating system of the AmigaOS, which includes file systems, file and directory manipulation, the command-line interface, and file redirection.

ChibiOS/RT is a compact and fast real-time operating system for microcontrollers supporting multiple architectures and released under a mix of the GNU General Public License version 3 (GPL3) and the Apache License 2.0 (depending on module).

Banyan VINES is a discontinued network operating system developed by Banyan Systems for computers running AT&T's UNIX System V. VINES is an acronym for Virtual Integrated NEtwork Service.

ChorusOS is a microkernel real-time operating system designed as a message passing computing model.

MS-DOS 7 is a real mode operating system for IBM PC compatibles.

DesktopBSD was a Unix-derived, desktop-oriented operating system based on FreeBSD. Its goal was to combine the stability of FreeBSD with the ease of use of K Desktop Environment 3, the default graphical user interface.

ARX was an unreleased Mach-like operating system written in Modula-2+ developed by Acorn Computers Ltd in the Acorn Research Centre in Palo Alto for Acorn's new Archimedes personal computers based on the ARM architecture RISC CPUs.

BeIA (BeOS for Internet Appliances) is a discontinued operating system for embedded systems, developed by Be Inc.

Apple Pascal is an implementation of Pascal for the Apple II and Apple III computer series, based on UCSD Pascal.

TRSDOS (Tandy Radio Shack Disk Operating System) is the operating system for the Tandy TRS-80 line of eight-bit Zilog Z80 microcomputers sold through Radio Shack from 1977 through 1991. Tandy's manuals recommended that it be pronounced triss-doss.

Convergent Technologies Operating System, also known variously as CTOS, BTOS and STARSYS, is a discontinued modular, message-passing, multiprocess-based operating system.

QDOS is the multitasking operating system found on the Sinclair QL personal computer and its clones.

From BBC BASIC 2 onwards, commands can also be issued using the OSCLI keyword in conjunction with a command string.

MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is a discontinued business-oriented mainframe computer real-time operating system developed by Hewlett-Packard for their HP 3000 computers.

IBSYS is a discontinued tape-based operating system that IBM supplied with its IBM 709, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094 computers, and a significantly different, though similar operating system provided with IBM 7040 and IBM 7044 computers.

Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System, or Nachos, is instructional software for teaching undergraduate, and potentially graduate level operating systems courses.

68K/OS was a computer operating system developed by GST Computer Systems for the Sinclair QL microcomputer.

Vivo BlueOS, or BlueOS also named Blue River OS, is an open-source distributed operating system developed by Vivo.

SHARE Operating System (SOS) is an operating system introduced in 1959 by the SHARE user group.

UNIX/32V is an early version of the Unix operating system from Bell Laboratories, released in June 1979. 32V was a direct port of the Seventh Edition Unix to the DEC VAX architecture.

Guadalinex was an Ubuntu-based operating system promoted by the government of Andalusia (Spain).

RISC/os is a discontinued UNIX operating system developed by MIPS Computer Systems, Inc.

NOS (Network Operating System) is a discontinued operating system with time-sharing capabilities, written by Control Data Corporation in 1975. NOS ran on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series of mainframe computers and their successors.

VibeOS is an operating system built from scratch mainly using generative artificial intelligence, with code produced through prompts to Claude as part of a vibe coding workflow.

Basic Operating System/360 (BOS/360) was an early IBM System/360 operating system.

VAXELN (typically pronounced "VAX-elan") is a discontinued real-time operating system for the VAX family of computers produced by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) of Maynard, Massachusetts. As with RSX-11 and VMS, Dave Cutler was the principal force behind the development of this operating system.

UberStudent was a free and open-source computer operating system and collection of programs aimed toward higher education and secondary students and their teachers and schools.

Z-DOS is a discontinued OEM version of Microsoft's MS-DOS specifically adapted to run on the hardware of the Zenith Z-100 personal computer.

iMAX 432 (Intel Multifunction Applications eXecutive for the Intel 432 Micromainframe) was an operating system developed by Intel for digital electronic computers based on the 1980s Intel iAPX 432 32-bit microprocessor.

PC-UX was a discontinued NEC port of UNIX System III for their APC III and PC-9801 personal computer.

Valencia's Simple Tasker (VSTa) is an operating system with a microkernel architecture, with all device drivers and file systems residing in userspace mode.

TurboDOS is a multiuser CP/M-like operating system for the Z80 and 8086 CPUs developed by Software 2000 Inc.

TRIPOS (Trivial Portable Operating System) is a computer operating system.

Coherent is a clone of the Unix operating system for IBM PC compatibles and other microcomputers, developed and sold by the now-defunct Mark Williams Company (MWC).

BlackBerry Tablet OS was an operating system from BlackBerry Ltd based on the QNX Neutrino real-time operating system designed to run Adobe AIR and BlackBerry WebWorks applications, currently available for the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet computer.

BSD/OS is a proprietary Unix operating system first released in 1993 as BSD/386. It was originally developed and sold by Berkeley Software Design, Inc.

Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS) is a discontinued operating system first developed at Dartmouth College between 1963 and 1964. It was the first successful large-scale time-sharing system to be implemented, and was also the system for which the BASIC langu

Atari DOS is the disk operating system used with the Atari 8-bit computers.

THE multiprogramming system (THE OS) was a computer operating system designed by a team led by Edsger W. Dijkstra, described in monographs in 1965-66 and published in 1968. Dijkstra never named the system; "THE" is simply the abbreviation of "Technische Hogesc

OSF/1 is a variant of the Unix operating system developed by the Open Software Foundation during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Amiga Unix (informally known as Amix) is a discontinued full port of AT&T Unix System V Release 4 operating system developed by Commodore-Amiga, Inc.

Commodore DOS, also known as CBM DOS, is the disk operating system used with Commodore's 8-bit computers.

PTS-DOS (also punctuated as PTS/DOS) is clone of Microsoft's disk operating system, MS-DOS, developed in Russia by PhysTechSoft and Paragon Technology Systems.

Visopsys (Visual Operating System), is an operating system, written by Andy McLaughlin.

MS-DOS 4.0 was a multitasking release of MS-DOS developed by Microsoft based on MS-DOS 2.0. Lack of interest from OEMs, particularly IBM (who previously gave Microsoft multitasking code on IBM PC DOS included with TopView), led to it being released only in a s

Project Monterey was an attempt to build a single Unix operating system that ran across a variety of 32-bit and 64-bit platforms, as well as supporting multi-processing.

MOSIX is a proprietary distributed operating system.

V operating system is a discontinued microkernel distributed operating system that was developed by faculty and students in the Distributed Systems Group at Stanford University from 1981 to 1988, led by Professors David Cheriton and Keith A. Lantz.

Michigan Terminal System (MTS) is one of the first time-sharing computer operating systems.

Cray Operating System (COS) is a Cray Research operating system for its now-discontinued Cray-1 (1976) and Cray X-MP supercomputers.

Access Linux Platform (ALP) is a discontinued open-source software based operating system, once referred to as a "next-generation version of the Palm OS," for mobile devices developed and marketed by Access Co., of Tokyo, Japan.

DYNIX (DYNamic UnIX) was a Unix-like operating system developed by Sequent Computer Systems, based on 4.2BSD and modified to run on Intel-based symmetric multiprocessor hardware.

Sprite is an experimental Unix-like distributed operating system developed at the University of California, Berkeley by John Ousterhout's research group between 1984 and 1992. Its notable features include support for single system image on computer clusters an

FLEX is a discontinued single-tasking operating system developed by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) of West Lafayette, Indiana, for the Motorola 6800 in 1976.

ISIS, short for Intel System Implementation Supervisor, was an operating system for early Intel microprocessors like the 8080. It was originally developed by Ken Burgett and Jim Stein under the management of Steve Hanna and Terry Opdendyk for the Intel Micropr

TSS/360 is a discontinued early time-sharing operating system designed exclusively for a special model of the System/360 line of mainframes, the Model 67. Made available on a trial basis to a limited set of customers in 1967, it was never officially released a

PC-MOS/386 is a multi-user, multitasking computer operating system produced by The Software Link (TSL), announced at COMDEX in November 1986 for February 1987 release.

RISC iX is a discontinued Unix operating system designed to run on a series of workstations based on the Acorn Archimedes microcomputer.

DOS Plus (erroneously also known as DOS+) was the first operating system developed by Digital Research's OEM Support Group }} ==References== ==Further reading== * * ==External links== * http://bbc.nvg.org/doc/Master%20512%20Technical%20Guide/ Category:CP/M var

Data General RDOS (Real-time Disk Operating System) is a real-time operating system released in 1970. The software was bundled with the company's popular Nova and Eclipse minicomputers.

Advanced Disc Filing System (ADFS) is a computing file system unique to the Acorn computer range and RISC OS-based successors.

AMSDOS is a disk operating system for the 8-bit Amstrad CPC Computer (and various clones).

BESYS (Bell Operating System) was an early computing environment originally implemented as a batch processing operating system in 1957 at Bell Labs for the IBM 704 computer.

GNO Multitasking Environment, also known as GNO/ME or GNO for short, is a Unix-like operating system for the Apple IIGS computer.

TR-DOS is a disk operating system for the ZX Spectrum with Beta Disc and Beta 128 disc interfaces.

MNOS (MobilNaya Operatsionnaya Sistema, МобильНая Операционная Система (МНОС), or Portable Operating System) is a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union.

DG/UX is a discontinued Unix operating system developed by Data General for its Eclipse MV minicomputer line, and later the AViiON workstation and server line (both Motorola 88000 and Intel IA-32-based variants).

ERIKA Enterprise is a real-time operating system (RTOS) kernel for embedded systems, which is OSEK/VDX certified.

SharpOS is a discontinued computer operating system based on the .NET Framework and related programming language C#. It was developed by a group of volunteers and presided over by a team of six project administrators: Mircea-Cristian Racasan, Bruce Markham, Johann MacDonagh, Sander van Rossen, Jae Hyun, and William Lahti.

BeRTOS was a real-time operating system designed for embedded systems.

Atlas Supervisor was the program which managed the allocation of processing resources of Manchester University's Atlas Computer so that the machine was able to act on many tasks and user programs concurrently.

EUMEL (pronounced oimel for Extendable Multi User Microprocessor ELAN System and also known as L2 for Liedtke 2) is an operating system (OS) which began as a runtime system (environment) for the programming language ELAN. It was created in 1979 by Jochen Liedt

BBN Time-Sharing System was an early time-sharing system created at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) for the PDP-1 computer.

Molinux was an operating system based on Ubuntu sponsored by the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha and the Fundación Ínsula Barataria.

KasperskyOS is a proprietary, partially POSIX-compliant microkernel-based operating system built from scratch using secure-by-design principles.

Time Sharing Operating System, or TSOS, is a discontinued operating system for RCA mainframe computers of the Spectra 70 series.

UniFLEX is a Unix-like operating system developed by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) for the Motorola 6809 family which allowed multitasking and multiprocessing.

A/ROSE (Apple Real-time Operating System Environment) is a small embedded operating system that runs on Apple Computer's "Macintosh Coprocessor Platform", an expansion card for the Macintosh.

NewDos/80 is a third-party operating system for the Radio Shack TRS-80 line of microcomputers released in 1980. NewDos/80 was developed by Apparat, Inc., of Denver, Colorado.

SCOPE (Supervisory Control of Program Execution) is a series of Control Data Corporation batch operating systems developed in the 1960s.

SMSQ/E is a computer operating system originally developed in France by Tony Tebby, the designer of the original QDOS operating system for the Sinclair QL personal computer.

Kronos is an operating system with time-sharing capabilities, written by Control Data Corporation in 1971. Kronos ran on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series mainframe computers and their successors.

Helios is a discontinued Unix-like operating system for parallel computers.

PANOS is a discontinued computer operating system developed by Acorn Computers in the 1980s and released in 1985, which ran on the 32016 Second Processor for the BBC Micro and the Acorn Cambridge Workstation.

DigitaOS was a short lived digital camera operating system created by Flashpoint Technology and used on various Kodak, Pentax, Minolta, and HP cameras in the late 1990s.

Mark Bolzern is one of the original pioneers of both the Internet, and of the Linux computer operating system.

Computer scientist and coarchitect of Mach kernel, NeXTSTEP, and macOS

Özalp Babaoğlu (born August 10, 1955) is a Turkish-American computer scientist specializing in operating systems, distributed computing, fault tolerance, self-organization, and the application of machine learning to high-performance computing systems.

Parallel computing Performance measurement Operating systems High-level programming language, High-level languages

Opportunities and Perils in Data Science Google's Hybrid Approach to Research CS+X Research on Reliable Distributed Computing Andrew File System (AFS)

The elevator algorithm, or SCAN, is a disk-scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk's arm and head in servicing read and write requests.

He played an integral role in the early development of BSD UNIX while being a graduate student at Berkeley, and he is the original author of the vi text editor.

Fernando José "Corby" Corbató (July 1, 1926, July 12, 2019) was an American computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in the development of time-sharing operating systems.

He and Andrea have co-written a textbook on operating systems, "Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces" (OSTEP), that is downloaded millions of times yearly and used at hundreds of institutions worldwide.

Jens Axboe (born circa 1976) is a Linux kernel hacker.

Bash (short for "Bourne Again SHell") is an interactive command interpreter and command language developed for Unix-like operating systems.

Eddie Kohler is a computer scientist specializing in networks and operating systems.