The field concerned with computer systems built into a larger device to perform a dedicated function, typically under real-time constraints, rather than serving as a general-purpose computer. The Apollo Guidance Computer, developed around 1965 by Charles Stark Draper's team at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, is commonly cited as the first recognizably modern embedded system; the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961 and mass-produced, came earlier but is usually described in qualitative rather than priority terms, an early example rather than the field's own founding machine.
Facts
Disputed
Origin YearThe Autonetics D-17 (1961, Minuteman missile guidance, mass-produced) predates the more commonly cited Apollo Guidance Computer (circa 1965), which sources describe as the first RECOGNIZABLY MODERN embedded system rather than the first one outright; the field has no single undisputed founding year. Core ConcernDesigning a computer system as a dedicated component of a larger device, under constraints (real-time response, fixed memory, power budget) that a general-purpose computer does not usually face. 1 Embedded Systems
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Source Wikipedia: Embedded system
Source Wikipedia: Cyber-physical system
Source Wikipedia: Internet of things
Source Wikipedia: Embedded system
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Source Arnold Spielberg, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Embedded system
Source Caldera Smallfoot (Wikipedia)
Source David Atienza, Wikipedia
Source Edward A. Lee (Wikipedia)
Source Embedded operating system (Wikipedia)
Source Erna Schneider Hoover (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Embedded system
Source Hermann Kopetz (Wikipedia)
Source Kang G. Shin (Wikipedia)
Source Krishna Palem (Wikipedia)
Source Ladder logic (Wikipedia)
Source Luca Carloni (Wikipedia)
Source Open Programming Language (Wikipedia)
Source Rajesh K. Gupta (Wikipedia)
Source Simulink (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Embedded system
Wikimedia FoundationHistory section
An early mass-produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961
Lead section
An embedded system is a specialized computer system-a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices-that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system.
Includes: Finite State Machine, Tools section
Modeling and code generating tools often based on state machines
Includes: C++, Tools section
Embedded software often requires a variety of development tools, including programming languages such as C++, Rust, or Python
View the Source Wikipedia: Cyber-physical system
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Cyber-Physical Systems, Overview sectionQuote, Associated With: Cyber-Physical Systems, Overview section
The process control is often referred to as embedded systems. In embedded systems, the emphasis tends to be more on the computational elements, and less on an intense link between the computational and physical elements.
Wikipedia: Internet of things
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Internet of Things, Lead section, para 2Quote, Associated With: Internet of Things, Lead section, para 2
The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous computing, sensors, embedded systems, and machine learning.
Arnold Spielberg, Wikipedia
Includes: Arnold Spielberg, LeadQuote, Includes: Arnold Spielberg, Lead
He was instrumental in contributions to "real-time data acquisition and recording that significantly contributed to the definition of modern feedback and control processes".
Hermann Kopetz (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hermann Kopetz, LeadQuote, Includes: Hermann Kopetz, Lead
He was named an IEEE Fellow in 1994 for contributions to fault-tolerant, real-time systems.
Kang G. Shin (Wikipedia)
Includes: Kang G. Shin, LeadQuote, Includes: Kang G. Shin, Lead
He is also the founding director of the Real-Time Computing Laboratory (RTCL).
Ladder logic (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ladder logic, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Ladder logic, Introduction
Ladder logic is used to develop software for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in industrial control applications.
Erna Schneider Hoover (Wikipedia)
Includes: Erna Schneider Hoover, Lead paragraph [in-group]Quote, Includes: Erna Schneider Hoover, Lead paragraph [in-group]
invented a computerized telephone switching method which revolutionized modern communication
Simulink (Wikipedia)
Includes: Simulink, Add-on productsQuote, Includes: Simulink, Add-on products
in addition to being a tool for embedded system design work because of its flexibility and capacity for quick iteration
Embedded operating system (Wikipedia)
Includes: Embedded operating system, LeadQuote, Includes: Embedded operating system, Lead
is an operating system designed specifically for embedded computer systems
HAL/S (Wikipedia)
Includes: HAL/S, Lead, avionicsQuote, Includes: HAL/S, Lead, avionics
used by NASA and associated agencies
Caldera Smallfoot (Wikipedia)
Includes: Caldera Smallfoot, Lead, embedded fieldQuote, Includes: Caldera Smallfoot, Lead, embedded field
an embedded operating system designed and released by Caldera Systems/Caldera International/The SCO Group in both UnixWare and Linux formats
Open Programming Language (Wikipedia)
Includes: Open Programming Language, LeadQuote, Includes: Open Programming Language, Lead
is a programming language for embedded systems and mobile devices
Rajesh K. Gupta (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia: eCos
Luca Carloni (Wikipedia)
Includes: Luca Carloni, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source Krishna Palem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Krishna Palem, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source David Atienza, Wikipedia
Includes: David Atienza, LeadQuote, Includes: David Atienza, Lead
He is a full professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Associate Vice President of Research Centers and Platforms, and the head of the Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL).
Edward A. Lee (Wikipedia)
Includes: Edward A. Lee, LeadQuote, Includes: Edward A. Lee, Lead
Lee works in the areas of cyber-physical systems, embedded systems, and the semantics of programming languages.
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