The field of computer science that represents and processes information using quantum-mechanical states, harnessing superposition and entanglement so that certain problems can, in principle, be solved exponentially faster than on a classical computer. The field traces its origins to proposals in the early 1980s, including Paul Benioff's quantum Turing machine and Richard Feynman's suggestion that a computer built from quantum-mechanical elements could efficiently simulate quantum systems; as of the mid-2020s working quantum computers remain small-scale and experimental rather than a replacement for classical computing. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Disputed
Origin YearPaul Benioff proposed a quantum-mechanical model of a Turing machine in 1980; Richard Feynman's widely-cited 1982 keynote on simulating physics with computers is also commonly credited as the field's founding provocation, so the field's origin is dated to the early 1980s rather than a single year. Core ConcernUsing qubits and quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and interference to process information in ways that can outperform classical bits on specific, structured problems. 1 Connections
Associated With
Source Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Source Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Source Wikipedia: Mario Szegedy
Quantum information science's own article ties the manufacturing of quantum computers to the same body of quantum-physics understanding the field studies.
Source Quantum Information Science (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Includes
Source Wikipedia: Alexei Kitaev
Source Wikipedia: Andrew Steane
Source Artur Ekert (Wikipedia)
Source Barbara Terhal (Wikipedia)
Source Daniel Gottesman (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: David Deutsch
Source David J. Wineland (Wikipedia)
Source David DiVincenzo (Wikipedia)
Source Grover's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Ignacio Cirac (Wikipedia)
Source Isaac Chuang (Wikipedia)
Source Pan Jianwei (Wikipedia)
Source John M. Martinis (Wikipedia)
Source John Preskill (Wikipedia)
Source Lov Grover (Wikipedia)
Source Magic state distillation (Wikipedia)
Source Paul Benioff (Wikipedia)
Source Peter Shor (Wikipedia)
Source Peter Zoller (Wikipedia)
Source Raymond Laflamme (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Scott Aaronson
Source Seth Lloyd (Wikipedia)
Source Shor's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Simon's problem (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Umesh Vazirani
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
A quantum computer is a computer that represents and processes information using quantum states.
History section
In 1980, Paul Benioff introduced the quantum Turing machine, which used quantum theory to describe a simplified computer.
Associated With: Theory of Computation, Algorithms section
Quantum algorithms can be roughly categorized by the type of speedup achieved over corresponding classical algorithms.
View the Source Wikipedia: David Deutsch
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: David Deutsch, Career and research section (2008 Royal Society Fellow nomination)Quote, Includes: David Deutsch, Career and research section (2008 Royal Society Fellow nomination)
[having] laid the foundations of the quantum theory of computation, and has subsequently made or participated in many of the most important advances in the field, including the discovery of the first quantum algorithms, the theory of quantum logic gates and quantum computational networks, the first quantum error-correction scheme, and several fundamental quantum universality results.
View the Source Quantum Information Science (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Quantum Information Science, Scientific and engineering studiesQuote, Associated With: Quantum Information Science, Scientific and engineering studies
Quantum teleportation, entanglement and the manufacturing of quantum computers depend on a comprehensive understanding of quantum physics and engineering.
View the Source Wikipedia: Mario Szegedy
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Mario Szegedy, Biography sectionQuote, Associated With: Mario Szegedy, Biography section
Szegedy's research areas include computational complexity theory, quantum computing, computational geometry, and computational theory.
View the Source Isaac Chuang (Wikipedia)
Includes: Isaac Chuang, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Isaac Chuang, Lead section
pioneers of NMR quantum computing
View the Source Pan Jianwei (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jian-Wei Pan, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Jian-Wei Pan, Lead section
quantum entanglement, quantum information and quantum computers
View the Source David DiVincenzo (Wikipedia)
Includes: David P. DiVincenzo, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: David P. DiVincenzo, Lead section
proposed the Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer in 1997
View the Source Raymond Laflamme (Wikipedia)
Includes: Raymond Laflamme, LeadQuote, Includes: Raymond Laflamme, Lead
director of the Institute for Quantum Computing
View the Source Simon's problem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Simon Algorithm, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Simon Algorithm, Lead sentence
Simon's problem is a computational problem that is proven to be solved exponentially faster on a quantum computer than on a classical (that is, traditional) computer.
View the Source Magic state distillation (Wikipedia)
Includes: Magic state distillation, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Magic state distillation, Lead sentence
Magic state distillation is a method for creating more accurate quantum states from multiple noisy ones, which is important for building fault tolerant quantum computers.
View the Source Wikipedia: Scott Aaronson
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Scott Aaronson, Lead paragraphView the Source Wikipedia: Umesh Vazirani
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Umesh Vazirani, Lead paragraphView the Source Daniel Gottesman (Wikipedia)
Shor's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Grover's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia: Alexei Kitaev
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alexei Kitaev, LeadQuote, Includes: Alexei Kitaev, Lead
Kitaev has received multiple awards recognizing his contributions to quantum information science and condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum computation and topological phases of matter.
View the Source Wikipedia: Andrew Steane
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Andrew Steane, LeadQuote, Includes: Andrew Steane, Lead
His major works to date are on error correction in quantum information processing, including Steane codes.
View the Source Seth Lloyd (Wikipedia)
Includes: Seth Lloyd, LeadQuote, Includes: Seth Lloyd, Lead
Seth Lloyd (born August 2, 1960) is an American quantum information scientist and professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering.
View the Source Ignacio Cirac (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ignacio Cirac, LeadQuote, Includes: Ignacio Cirac, Lead
He is one of the pioneers of the field of quantum computing and quantum information theory.
View the Source Peter Zoller (Wikipedia)
Includes: Peter Zoller, LeadQuote, Includes: Peter Zoller, Lead
He is an emeritus professor at the University of Innsbruck and is known for his pioneering research on quantum computing, quantum simulation and quantum communication.
View the Source David J. Wineland (Wikipedia)
Includes: David J. Wineland, LeadQuote, Includes: David J. Wineland, Lead
His most notable contributions include the laser cooling of trapped ions and the use of ions for quantum-computing operations.
View the Source Lov Grover (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lov Grover, LeadQuote, Includes: Lov Grover, Lead
He is the originator of the Grover database search algorithm used in quantum computing.
View the Source Peter Shor (Wikipedia)
Includes: Peter Shor, LeadQuote, Includes: Peter Shor, Lead
Peter Williston Shor (born August 14, 1959) is an American theoretical computer scientist known for his work on quantum computation, in particular for devising Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently-known algorithm running on a classical computer.
View the Source Paul Benioff (Wikipedia)
Includes: Paul Benioff, LeadQuote, Includes: Paul Benioff, Lead
Paul Anthony Benioff (May 1, 1930, March 29, 2022) was an American physicist who helped pioneer the field of quantum computing.
View the Source Barbara Terhal (Wikipedia)
Includes: Barbara Terhal, LeadQuote, Includes: Barbara Terhal, Lead
Terhal (born 1969) is a theoretical physicist working in quantum information and quantum computing.
View the Source Artur Ekert (Wikipedia)
Includes: Artur Ekert, LeadQuote, Includes: Artur Ekert, Lead
Artur Konrad Ekert (born 19 September 1961) is a professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at Merton College, Oxford, Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and the founding director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT).
View the Source John Preskill (Wikipedia)
Includes: John Preskill, LeadQuote, Includes: John Preskill, Lead
Preskill is an active scientist in the field of quantum information science and quantum computation, and he is known for coining the term "quantum supremacy" and that of "noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)" devices.
View the Source John M. Martinis (Wikipedia)
Includes: John M. Martinis, LeadQuote, Includes: John M. Martinis, Lead
He led a team to develop a superconducting quantum computer at the Quantum AI Lab.
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