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Quantum Computing

Also Known As Quantum computation
Theory Of Computation

The field of computer science that represents and processes information using quantum-mechanical states, harnessing superposition and entanglement so that certain problems can, in principle, be solved exponentially faster than on a classical computer. The field traces its origins to proposals in the early 1980s, including Paul Benioff's quantum Turing machine and Richard Feynman's suggestion that a computer built from quantum-mechanical elements could efficiently simulate quantum systems; as of the mid-2020s working quantum computers remain small-scale and experimental rather than a replacement for classical computing. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Disputed
Origin Year
1980 1
Paul Benioff proposed a quantum-mechanical model of a Turing machine in 1980; Richard Feynman's widely-cited 1982 keynote on simulating physics with computers is also commonly credited as the field's founding provocation, so the field's origin is dated to the early 1980s rather than a single year.
Core Concern
Using qubits and quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and interference to process information in ways that can outperform classical bits on specific, structured problems. 1
Connections

Associated With

Source Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Cryptography, Fields
Source Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Source Wikipedia: Mario Szegedy

Quantum information science's own article ties the manufacturing of quantum computers to the same body of quantum-physics understanding the field studies.

Source Quantum Information Science (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Quantum computing

Includes

Source Wikipedia: Alexei Kitaev
Source Wikipedia: Andrew Steane
Artur Ekert, Pioneers
Source Artur Ekert (Wikipedia)
Source Barbara Terhal (Wikipedia)
Source Daniel Gottesman (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: David Deutsch
Source David J. Wineland (Wikipedia)
Source David DiVincenzo (Wikipedia)
Source Grover's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Ignacio Cirac (Wikipedia)
Isaac Chuang, Pioneers
Source Isaac Chuang (Wikipedia)
Jian-Wei Pan, Pioneers
Source Pan Jianwei (Wikipedia)
Source John M. Martinis (Wikipedia)
Source John Preskill (Wikipedia)
Lov Grover, Pioneers
Source Lov Grover (Wikipedia)
Source Magic state distillation (Wikipedia)
Paul Benioff, Pioneers
Source Paul Benioff (Wikipedia)
Peter Shor, Pioneers
Source Peter Shor (Wikipedia)
Peter Zoller, Pioneers
Source Peter Zoller (Wikipedia)
Source Raymond Laflamme (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Scott Aaronson
Seth Lloyd, Pioneers
Source Seth Lloyd (Wikipedia)
Source Shor's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Simon's problem (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Umesh Vazirani
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Quantum computing
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Lead section
    A quantum computer is a computer that represents and processes information using quantum states.
  • History section
    In 1980, Paul Benioff introduced the quantum Turing machine, which used quantum theory to describe a simplified computer.
  • Associated With: Theory of Computation, Algorithms section
    Quantum algorithms can be roughly categorized by the type of speedup achieved over corresponding classical algorithms.
View the Source
Wikipedia: David Deutsch
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: David Deutsch, Career and research section (2008 Royal Society Fellow nomination)
Quote, Includes: David Deutsch, Career and research section (2008 Royal Society Fellow nomination)
[having] laid the foundations of the quantum theory of computation, and has subsequently made or participated in many of the most important advances in the field, including the discovery of the first quantum algorithms, the theory of quantum logic gates and quantum computational networks, the first quantum error-correction scheme, and several fundamental quantum universality results.
View the Source
Quantum Information Science (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Quantum Information Science, Scientific and engineering studies
Quote, Associated With: Quantum Information Science, Scientific and engineering studies
Quantum teleportation, entanglement and the manufacturing of quantum computers depend on a comprehensive understanding of quantum physics and engineering.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Mario Szegedy
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Mario Szegedy, Biography section
Quote, Associated With: Mario Szegedy, Biography section
Szegedy's research areas include computational complexity theory, quantum computing, computational geometry, and computational theory.
View the Source
Isaac Chuang (Wikipedia)
Includes: Isaac Chuang, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Isaac Chuang, Lead section
pioneers of NMR quantum computing
View the Source
Pan Jianwei (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jian-Wei Pan, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Jian-Wei Pan, Lead section
quantum entanglement, quantum information and quantum computers
View the Source
David DiVincenzo (Wikipedia)
Includes: David P. DiVincenzo, Lead section
Quote, Includes: David P. DiVincenzo, Lead section
proposed the Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer in 1997
View the Source
Raymond Laflamme (Wikipedia)
Includes: Raymond Laflamme, Lead
Quote, Includes: Raymond Laflamme, Lead
director of the Institute for Quantum Computing
View the Source
Simon's problem (Wikipedia)
Includes: Simon Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Simon Algorithm, Lead sentence
Simon's problem is a computational problem that is proven to be solved exponentially faster on a quantum computer than on a classical (that is, traditional) computer.
View the Source
Magic state distillation (Wikipedia)
Includes: Magic state distillation, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Magic state distillation, Lead sentence
Magic state distillation is a method for creating more accurate quantum states from multiple noisy ones, which is important for building fault tolerant quantum computers.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Scott Aaronson
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Scott Aaronson, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Umesh Vazirani
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Umesh Vazirani, Lead paragraphView the Source
Daniel Gottesman (Wikipedia)
Includes: Daniel Gottesman, Lead paragraphView the Source
Shor's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Shor's Algorithm, Lead paragraphView the Source
Grover's Algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Grover's Algorithm, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Alexei Kitaev
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alexei Kitaev, Lead
Quote, Includes: Alexei Kitaev, Lead
Kitaev has received multiple awards recognizing his contributions to quantum information science and condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum computation and topological phases of matter.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Andrew Steane
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Andrew Steane, Lead
Quote, Includes: Andrew Steane, Lead
His major works to date are on error correction in quantum information processing, including Steane codes.
View the Source
Seth Lloyd (Wikipedia)
Includes: Seth Lloyd, Lead
Quote, Includes: Seth Lloyd, Lead
Seth Lloyd (born August 2, 1960) is an American quantum information scientist and professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering.
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Ignacio Cirac (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ignacio Cirac, Lead
Quote, Includes: Ignacio Cirac, Lead
He is one of the pioneers of the field of quantum computing and quantum information theory.
View the Source
Peter Zoller (Wikipedia)
Includes: Peter Zoller, Lead
Quote, Includes: Peter Zoller, Lead
He is an emeritus professor at the University of Innsbruck and is known for his pioneering research on quantum computing, quantum simulation and quantum communication.
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David J. Wineland (Wikipedia)
Includes: David J. Wineland, Lead
Quote, Includes: David J. Wineland, Lead
His most notable contributions include the laser cooling of trapped ions and the use of ions for quantum-computing operations.
View the Source
Lov Grover (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lov Grover, Lead
Quote, Includes: Lov Grover, Lead
He is the originator of the Grover database search algorithm used in quantum computing.
View the Source
Peter Shor (Wikipedia)
Includes: Peter Shor, Lead
Quote, Includes: Peter Shor, Lead
Peter Williston Shor (born August 14, 1959) is an American theoretical computer scientist known for his work on quantum computation, in particular for devising Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently-known algorithm running on a classical computer.
View the Source
Paul Benioff (Wikipedia)
Includes: Paul Benioff, Lead
Quote, Includes: Paul Benioff, Lead
Paul Anthony Benioff (May 1, 1930, March 29, 2022) was an American physicist who helped pioneer the field of quantum computing.
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Barbara Terhal (Wikipedia)
Includes: Barbara Terhal, Lead
Quote, Includes: Barbara Terhal, Lead
Terhal (born 1969) is a theoretical physicist working in quantum information and quantum computing.
View the Source
Artur Ekert (Wikipedia)
Includes: Artur Ekert, Lead
Quote, Includes: Artur Ekert, Lead
Artur Konrad Ekert (born 19 September 1961) is a professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at Merton College, Oxford, Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and the founding director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT).
View the Source
John Preskill (Wikipedia)
Includes: John Preskill, Lead
Quote, Includes: John Preskill, Lead
Preskill is an active scientist in the field of quantum information science and quantum computation, and he is known for coining the term "quantum supremacy" and that of "noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)" devices.
View the Source
John M. Martinis (Wikipedia)
Includes: John M. Martinis, Lead
Quote, Includes: John M. Martinis, Lead
He led a team to develop a superconducting quantum computer at the Quantum AI Lab.
View the Source

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