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Computer Graphics

Also Known As CG
Computing Methodologies

Computer graphics is the field of computing concerned with generating images with computers, from line drawings and user interfaces to photorealistic rendering and animation. The phrase is credited to William Fetter, a graphic designer at Boeing, in 1960, and the field's founding demonstration was Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad system, which let a person draw shapes on a screen with a light pen, save them and recall them. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Origin Year
1960 1
The year the phrase computer graphics is credited to William Fetter at Boeing.
Core Concern
How pictures are represented, generated and displayed by computation, and how people interact with what is drawn. 1
Connections

Associated With

Source Wikipedia: Augmented reality

Computational photography spans computer graphics as one of its constituent subject areas.

Source Computational Photography (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Computer Vision

Data and information visualization is described as emerging in part from graphics research.

Source Data and Information Visualization (Wikipedia)
GPU Computing, Fields
Source Wikipedia: Human-computer interaction
Ivan Sutherland, Pioneers

Ivan Sutherland's 1963 Sketchpad program, built for his MIT PhD thesis, is widely credited as the origin of interactive computer graphics and demonstrated the first graphical user interface.

Source Wikipedia: Ivan Sutherland
Source Wikipedia: Virtual reality

Includes

Source Wikipedia: Andries van Dam
Source Wikipedia: Bert Sutherland
Source Bresenham's line algorithm, Wikipedia
Source Catmull-Clark subdivision surface (Wikipedia)
Source Demetri Terzopoulos, Wikipedia
Source Diamond-square algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Donald P. Greenberg (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Edwin Catmull
Eiiti Wada, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: Eiiti Wada
Source George Mallen (Wikipedia)
Henry Fuchs, Pioneers
Source Henry Fuchs (Wikipedia)
Source Herbert Freeman, Wikipedia
Source Herbert W. Franke - Wikipedia

Closest live field to video compression/coding; no dedicated multimedia field exists yet in this atlas's field list.

Source Inter Frame (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Ivan Sutherland
Source J. Turner Whitted (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: James D. Foley
Source Jim Blinn (Wikipedia)
Jim Kajiya, Pioneers
Source Jim Kajiya (Wikipedia)
John Carmack, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: John Carmack
Kurt Akeley, Pioneers
Source Kurt Akeley, Wikipedia
Source Lance Williams (graphics researcher) (Wikipedia)
Source Lanczos resampling (Wikipedia)
Source Leonidas J. Guibas (Wikipedia)
Source Loren Carpenter - Wikipedia
Luiz Velho, Pioneers
Source Luiz Velho (Wikipedia)
Marc Alexa, Pioneers
Source Marc Alexa, Wikipedia
Source Marching cubes (Wikipedia)
Source Marching squares (Wikipedia)
Source Marie-Paule Cani (Wikipedia)
Markus Gross, Pioneers
Source Markus Gross (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Michael F. Cohen
Source Midpoint circle algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Nadia Magnenat Thalmann (Wikipedia)
Neil Wiseman, Pioneers
Source Neil Wiseman (Wikipedia)
Nelson Max, Pioneers
Source Nelson Max (Wikipedia)
Pat Hanrahan, Pioneers
Source Wikipedia: Pat Hanrahan
Source Path tracing (Wikipedia)
Source Pierre Bézier (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Robert L. Cook
Source Wikipedia: Steven Anson Coons
Source Steven K. Feiner (Wikipedia)
Source Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Thomas A. DeFanti - Wikipedia
Source Tomoyuki Nishita (Wikipedia)
Source Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Weiler-Atherton clipping algorithm (Wikipedia)
Source Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm (Wikipedia)

Influenced By

Source Wikipedia: Ivan Sutherland
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Computer Graphics
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Overview and 1960s sections
    Computer graphics (CG) deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers.
  • Lead section
    The phrase was coined in 1960 by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Ivan Sutherland
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Influenced By: Ivan Sutherland, Early life and education
    Sketchpad was an innovative program that influenced alternative forms of interaction with computers.
  • Associated With: Ivan Sutherland
  • Includes: Ivan Sutherland, Lead paragraph
View the Source
Wikipedia: Computer Vision
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Computer Vision, Related fields section
Quote, Associated With: Computer Vision, Related fields section
Computer graphics produces image data from 3D models, and computer vision often produces 3D models from image data.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Human-computer interaction
WikipediaAssociated With: Human Computer Interaction, Overview section
Quote, Associated With: Human Computer Interaction, Overview section
On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Virtual reality
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Virtual Reality, Forms and methods section
Quote, Associated With: Virtual Reality, Forms and methods section
Image-based virtual reality systems have been gaining popularity in computer graphics and computer vision communities.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Augmented reality
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Augmented Reality, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Augmented Reality, Lead section
Augmented reality (AR), also known as mixed reality (MR), is a form of 3D human-computer interaction that overlays real-time 3D-rendered computer graphics into the real world through a display, such as a handheld device or head-mounted display.
View the Source
Computational Photography (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Computational Photography, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Computational Photography, Lead section
The definition of computational photography has evolved to cover a number of subject areas in computer graphics, computer vision, and applied optics.
View the Source
Data and Information Visualization (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Data and Information Visualization, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Data and Information Visualization, Lead section
The field of data and information visualization has emerged "from research in human-computer interaction, computer science, graphics, visual design, psychology, photography and business methods."
View the Source
Inter Frame (Wikipedia)
Includes: Inter frame, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Inter frame, Lead paragraph
An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames.
View the Source
Wikipedia: John Carmack
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: John Carmack, Lead section
Quote, Includes: John Carmack, Lead section
Carmack made innovations in 3D computer graphics
View the Source
Tomoyuki Nishita (Wikipedia)
Includes: Tomoyuki Nishita, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Tomoyuki Nishita, Lead section
research award for computer graphics
View the Source
Pierre Bézier (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pierre Bézier, Lead section
Quote, Includes: Pierre Bézier, Lead section
computer-aided design and computer graphics systems
View the Source
Demetri Terzopoulos, Wikipedia
Includes: Demetri Terzopoulos, Lead
Quote, Includes: Demetri Terzopoulos, Lead
directs the UCLA Computer Graphics & Vision Laborator
View the Source
Wikipedia: Eiiti Wada
Includes: Eiiti Wada, Lead
Quote, Includes: Eiiti Wada, Lead
As of 2020, he works on computer graphics for the Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ) Innovation Institute.
View the Source
Herbert W. Franke - Wikipedia
Includes: Herbert W. Franke, Lead
Quote, Includes: Herbert W. Franke, Lead
He is also one of the important early computer artists (and collectors), creating computer graphics and early digital art since the late 1950s.
View the Source
Path tracing (Wikipedia)
Includes: Path tracing, Lead, first sentence
Quote, Includes: Path tracing, Lead, first sentence
is a rendering algorithm in computer graphics
View the Source
Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm, Lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm, Lead paragraph
Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm is an algorithm for line antialiasing.
View the Source
Lanczos resampling (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lanczos resampling, Lead section [in-field]
Quote, Includes: Lanczos resampling, Lead section [in-field]
It is often used also for multivariate interpolation, for example to resize or rotate a digital image.
View the Source
Diamond-square algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Diamond-square algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Diamond-square algorithm, Lead
The diamond-square algorithm is a method for generating heightmaps for computer graphics.
View the Source
Bresenham's line algorithm, Wikipedia
Includes: Bresenham's Line Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Bresenham's Line Algorithm, Lead sentence
Bresenham's line algorithm is a line drawing algorithm that determines the points of an n-dimensional raster that should be selected in order to form a close approximation to a straight line between two points.
View the Source
Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm, Lead sentence
Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm is an algorithm used for clipping polygons.
View the Source
Midpoint circle algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Midpoint Circle Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Midpoint Circle Algorithm, Lead sentence
midpoint circle algorithm is an algorithm used to determine the points needed for rasterizing a circle.
View the Source
Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Visvalingam-Whyatt Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Visvalingam-Whyatt Algorithm, Lead sentence
Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm, or simply the Visvalingam algorithm, is an algorithm that decimates a curve composed of line segments to a similar curve with fewer points, primarily for usage in cartographic generalisation.
View the Source
Catmull-Clark subdivision surface (Wikipedia)
Includes: Catmull-Clark Subdivision Algorithm, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Catmull-Clark Subdivision Algorithm, Lead sentence
Catmull-Clark algorithm is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to create curved surfaces by using subdivision surface modeling.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Michael F. Cohen
Includes: Michael F. Cohen, Lead sentence
Quote, Includes: Michael F. Cohen, Lead sentence
Michael F. Cohen is an American computer scientist and researcher in computer graphics.
View the Source
J. Turner Whitted (Wikipedia)
  • Includes: J. Turner Whitted, Lead sentence
    John Turner Whitted is an electrical engineer and computer scientist who introduced recursive ray tracing to the computer graphics community with his 1979 paper "An improved illumination model for shaded display". His algorithm proved to be a practical method of simulating global illumination, inspi
  • Includes: J. Turner Whitted, Lead paragraph
View the Source
Wikipedia: Edwin Catmull
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Edwin Catmull, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: James D. Foley
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: James D. Foley, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Steven Anson Coons
Includes: Steven Anson Coons, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Pat Hanrahan
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Pat Hanrahan, Lead paragraphView the Source
Nadia Magnenat Thalmann (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nadia Magnenat Thalmann, Lead paragraphView the Source
Herbert Freeman, Wikipedia
Includes: Herbert Freeman, Lead paragraphView the Source
Kurt Akeley, Wikipedia
Includes: Kurt Akeley, Lead paragraphView the Source
Marc Alexa, Wikipedia
Includes: Marc Alexa, Lead paragraphView the Source
Loren Carpenter - Wikipedia
Includes: Loren Carpenter, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Robert L. Cook
Includes: Robert L. Cook, Lead paragraphView the Source
Thomas A. DeFanti - Wikipedia
Includes: Thomas A. DeFanti, Lead paragraphView the Source
Steven K. Feiner (Wikipedia)
Includes: Steven K. Feiner, Lead paragraphView the Source
Neil Wiseman (Wikipedia)
Includes: Neil Wiseman, Lead paragraphView the Source
Marching cubes (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marching Cubes Algorithm, Lead paragraphView the Source
Wikipedia: Bert Sutherland
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Bert Sutherland, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
George Mallen (Wikipedia)
Includes: George Mallen, Infobox field and known_for, lead paragraphView the Source
Marching squares (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marching Squares Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Marching Squares Algorithm, Lead
In computer graphics, marching squares is an algorithm that generates contours for a two-dimensional scalar field (rectangular array of individual numerical values). A similar method can be used to contour 2D triangle meshes.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Andries van Dam
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Andries van Dam, Lead
Quote, Includes: Andries van Dam, Lead
He co-authored Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice along with J.D.
View the Source
Nelson Max (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nelson Max, Lead
Quote, Includes: Nelson Max, Lead
His research interests include scientific visualization, computer animation, photorealistic computer graphics rendering, multi-view stereo reconstruction, and augmented reality.
View the Source
Marie-Paule Cani (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marie-Paule Cani, Lead
Quote, Includes: Marie-Paule Cani, Lead
Marie-Paule Cani (born 1965) is a French computer scientist and researcher specializing in shape modeling and computer animation.
View the Source
Henry Fuchs (Wikipedia)
Includes: Henry Fuchs, Lead
Quote, Includes: Henry Fuchs, Lead
Henry Fuchs (born 20 January 1948) is an American computer scientist and pioneer in 3D computer graphics.
View the Source
Jim Kajiya (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jim Kajiya, Lead
Quote, Includes: Jim Kajiya, Lead
James Kajiya is a pioneer in the field of computer graphics.
View the Source
Jim Blinn (Wikipedia)
Includes: James F. Blinn, Lead
Quote, Includes: James F. Blinn, Lead
Blinn (born 1949) is an American computer scientist who first became widely known for his work as a computer graphics expert at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), particularly his work on the pre-encounter animations for the Voyager project, his work on the 1980 Carl Sagan documentary series Cosmos, and the research of the Blinn-Phong shading model.
View the Source
Donald P. Greenberg (Wikipedia)
Includes: Donald P. Greenberg, Lead
Quote, Includes: Donald P. Greenberg, Lead
Donald Peter Greenberg (born 1934) was the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Computer Graphics at Cornell University from 1966 to 2025.
View the Source
Luiz Velho (Wikipedia)
Includes: Luiz Velho, Lead
Quote, Includes: Luiz Velho, Lead
Luiz Carlos Pacheco Rodrigues Velho (born 5 June 1956) is a Brazilian applied mathematician working primarily on computer graphics and computer vision.
View the Source
Leonidas J. Guibas (Wikipedia)
Includes: Leonidas J. Guibas, Lead
Quote, Includes: Leonidas J. Guibas, Lead
His research spans computational geometry, computer graphics, computer vision, machine learning, and robotics, with contributions including foundational data structures, the earth mover's distance for image retrieval, Metropolis light transport, and the PointNet architecture for deep learning on point clouds.
View the Source
Lance Williams (graphics researcher) (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lance J. Williams, Lead
Quote, Includes: Lance J. Williams, Lead
Williams was one of the first people to recognize the potential of computer graphics to transform film and video making.
View the Source
Markus Gross (Wikipedia)
Includes: Markus Gross, Lead
Quote, Includes: Markus Gross, Lead
Markus Gross (born June 14, 1963, Saarland, Germany) is a Professor of Computer science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH), head of its Computer Graphics Laboratory, and serves as Chief Scientist at The Walt Disney Studios as well as Director of DisneyResearch|Studios.
View the Source
Weiler-Atherton clipping algorithm (Wikipedia)
Includes: Weiler-Atherton Algorithm, Lead
Quote, Includes: Weiler-Atherton Algorithm, Lead
It is used in areas like computer graphics and games development where clipping of polygons is needed.
View the Source
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